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Heh 200: Introduction To Epidemiology Question Paper

Heh 200: Introduction To Epidemiology

Course:Bachelor Of Science

Institution: Kenyatta University question papers

Exam Year:2009

DATE: Monday 7th September, 2009

TIME: 8.00 a.m -10.00 a.m
INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION A
Answer ALL Questions in this section.

1.
Explain the meaning of the following concepts as used in Epidemiology
i)
Carrier
ii)
Prognosis
iii)
Herd immunity
iv)
Case
fatality
rate
(4
marks)

2.
Outline 4 main sources of morbidity statistics.

(4 marks)

3.
Highlight the procedures that may be employed to protect the confidentiality of
subjects
in
epidemiological
studies.
(4
marks)

4.
Explain the major uses of epidemiology in support of Public Health.

5.
Explain the importance of understanding the natural history of disease.
(4 marks)

SECTION B (50 MARKS)
Answer Question ONE and any other TWO.

1.
a)
The following table shows the results obtained in a screening test for diabetes

used on 5,000 persons. The cut off employed was a glucose value of 180

mg/dl or above as positive for diabetes.
Page 1 of 2

Test
True Diagnosis
Total
Result
Diabetic Non
Diabetic

Positive 17
10
27
Negative 58
4,915
4,973
Total 75
4,925 5,000

Calculate

i)
Sensitivity.
(2
marks)

ii)
Specificity

(2 marks)
iii)
Positive
predictive
value.
(2
marks)

iv)
Accuracy

(2 marks)

b)
What the screening cut off was lowered to a blood glucose value of 130 mg/dl

49 of the 87 persons who were tested positive were among the 4,925 persons

judged by the diagnostic test NOT to have diabetes.

Calculate
i)
Sensitivity
at
cut
off
(2
marks)
ii)
Specificity
at
cut
off
(2
marks)

c)
What is the effect of lowering the cut off point in terms of sensitivity and

specificity.

(2 marks)

d)
Highlight the significance of false positives and false negatives in
epidemiology.
(6
marks)

2.
Give a detailed account on how you can investigate a disease outbreak.
(15 marks)

3.
Discuss the main ways of expressing prognosis of disease.

(15 marks)

4.
a)
Write short notes on evolution of epidemiology.

(10 marks)

b)
Outline various modes of transmission of disease.

(5 marks)
Page 2 of 2

Heh 200: Introduction To Epidemiology Question Paper

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