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04-A:Histology Question Paper

04-A:Histology

Course:

Institution: Kenya Medical Training College question papers

Exam Year:2010

SECTION I (MCQ 40 MARKS)

1.The epithelium that lines and serves the cavities is derived from:
a)Mesoderm germ layer
b)Endoderm germ layer
c)Epidermis germ layer
d)Menschymal germ layer
e)Ectoderm germ layer
2.The following include(s) the role(s)of communicating junctions on the lateral surface of cells:
a)Enables organisms to maintain integrity.
b)Allow the exchange of nutrients,ions and signals between adjacent cells.
c)Promote adhesion.
d)Promote reinforcement and structural integrity.
e)Site for stress fibres.
3.Tissue containing fat show some blackening when fixed in the following fixatives:
a)Osmium tetroxide
b)Chromic acid
c)Formalin
d)Glutaradehyde
e)Von Ebner''s fluid
4.Cedar wood oil as a clearing agent is preferred because:
a)Does not extract aniline dyes.
b)Produces little or no shrinkage of tissues.
c)Very rapid in action.
d])Cheaper than other agents.
e)It stains tissues brilliantly.
5.Accessory agents used during dehydration include:
a)Manganese oxide
b)Calcium oxide
c)Lithium carbonate
d)Lead oxide
e)Hydrous copper sulphate
6.Water soluble waxes are recommended for tissue impregnation because:
a)They make tissues brittle
b)They are very rapid in action
c)They are good for tissue floatation
d)The blocks are water soluble
e)Fats are infiltrated well
7.The solvent for dissolving celloidin solution is:
a)Toluene
b)Ethanoic acid
c)Water
d)Turpentine
e)Mixture of ethanol and ether
8.Fresh tissue can be frozen by use of:
a)Xylene
b)Compressed carbon dioxide
c)Celloidin
d)Dry acetone
e)Water
9.Histochemical fixatives are best used for the demonstration of:
a)Argentaffin granules
b)Elastic fibres
c)Mycobacteria
d)Proteins
e)Enzymes
10.Which of the following fixatives can be used as slow decalcifying agent?
a)Acetic acid
b)Trichloracetic acid
c)Chromic acid
d)Picric acid
e)Formic acid
11.The feeding mechanism of microtome consists of:
a)Micrometer eye piece
b)The block holder
c)Micrometer holder
d)The ratchet wheel
e)The microtome knife
12.Scores on tissue sections may be associated with:
a)Knicks on the knife edge
b)Loose knife
c)Very soft paraffin wax
d)Very large blocks of tissue
e)Microtome vibration
13.The best criteria for identifying microtome knives is:
a)Examination of the cutting edge
b)The length of the knife
c)Examination of the profile
d)Presence of the false knife back
e)Length of the knife''s handle
14.The purpose of floating tissues sections is to:
a)Remove creases
b)Melt parawax
c)Saturate tissue with wax
d)Provide better adhesion
e)Remove all oil droplets
15.The following is/are supravital stains(s)except:
a)Jannus green
b)Orange G
c)Methyl blue
d)Malachite green
e)Eosin azure
16.Sudan dyes are used to demonstrate:
a)Blood
b)Epidermis
c)Fats
d)Nervous tissue
e)Sections of bone marrow
17.Microscopic demonstration of silica in tissue sections requires:
a)Staining with H and E
b)Staining with iron haematoxylin
c)Examination by ultra-violet light
d)Examination by polarized light
e)Examination by visible light
18.Substances that are added to the staining solutions are called:
a)Mordants
b)Ripeners
c)Solvents
d)Accentuators
e)Counter stains
19.Mounting is very vital in histology as it:
a)Protects the tissue section
b)It helps in the dehydration of section
c)It prevents fading of the stain
d)It mordants the section on staining
e)Protects the section during staining
20.Formalin pigments:
a)Are dark blue in colour
b)Can be removed by acid formalin
c)Are greenish-yellow in colour
d)Are dark brown in colour
e)Result from protein break down
21.Mercuric chloride pigments can be removed by:
a)Alcoholic sodium hydroxide
b)Alcoholic picric acid
c)Sodium thiosulphate
d)Alcoholic iodine
e)1% acid alcohol
22.Which of the following listed methods will demonstrate Haematoidin pigments in the tissues?
a)Haematoxylin and Eosin
b)Cytology haematoidin methods
c)Fouchet''s method
d)Potassium parmanganese method
e)Perl''s Prussian Blue method
23.The following tissue pigments are endogenous except:
a)Melanine
b)Haemosiderin
c)Argentaffin granules
d)Formalin pigments
e)Lipofuscin pigments
24.Malignant tumuours of the connective tissues are called:
a)Adeno-carcinoma
b)Mesenchymal
c)Carcinsid tumours
d)Sarcoma
e)Carcinoma
25.Which of the following assist in microscopic diagnosis of malignancy?
a)Anisochromatism
b)Changes in sex chromosomes
c)Hypotropy
d)Hypochromasia
e)A nucleated squamous cell
26.The process of removing excess stain until specific structures are sharply defines is called:
a)Dehydration
b)Clearing
c)Differentiation
d)Impregnation
e)Progressive staining
27.The application of cytology in medicine includes:
a)Assessment of hormonal balance
b)Detection of HIV infection
c)Detection of malignant lesions
d)Detection of ectopic pregnancy
e)Assessing the width of the cervix
28.The ripening agent used in phosphotungstic acid in haematoxylin is/are?
a)Sun
b)Mercuric chloride
c)Mercuric oxide
d)Sodium iodate
e)Potassium sulphate
29.The following are bone cells:
a)Osteocytes
b)Neutrophils
c)Osteoclasts
d)Fibroblasts
e)Red blood cells
30. The following organelles are plentiful in cells associated with cellular respiration:
a)Mitochondria
b)Lysosomes
c)DNA
d)RNA
e)Micro-tubules
31.Examples of argyophilic substances include:
a)Lipids
b)Reticulum fibres
c)Carbon
d)Spirochaetes
e)Silica
32.Which of the following can be used as ringing media?
a)Durofix
b)Kerotidin
c)Celloidin
d)Ester wax
e)Para wax
33.Collagen fibres can be demonstrated by:
a)Haematoxylin and Eosin technique
b)Perl''s Prussian Blue technique
c)Weighert''s Van Gieson
d)Periodic Acid Schiff''s technique
e)Celestine-blue haematoxylin Van Gieson technique

SECTION II (ESSAY 60 MARKS)
1.a)Outline the classification of histological fixatives (15 marks)
b)Give two examples of fixatives in each class in (a) above (5 marks)
2.a)Microtomy is an essential step preceding staining.Tabulate five tissue section faults and their remedies associated with this procedure.(10 marks)
b)Describe the application of metachromasia staining.(5 marks)
c)Tabulate five differences between iron and alum haematoxylins (5 marks)
3.a)Cytology is one of the methods used in the diagnosis of malignancy.Assess its limitations (10 marks)
b)i)Describe how artefacts are introduced into the tissue.(5 marks)
ii)Give examples of each artefact named in i) above. (5 marks)

04-A:Histology Question Paper

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