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Hml 203: Human Pathophysiology Question Paper

Hml 203: Human Pathophysiology

Course:Bachelor Of Science In Medical Laboratory Science

Institution: Kenyatta University question papers

Exam Year:2010

INSTRUCTIONS
Section A
Answer ALL questions (5marks each)
1.
Explain how constriction of renal artery can cause hypertension.
[5marks]

2.
Outline the importance of surfactant in the body.

[5marks]

3.
a)
Anaemia is associated with chronic gastritis. Explain.

[3marks]

b)
Name the cause of:

i)
Gastritis

[1mark]

ii)
Gastric ulcers.

[1mark]

c)
Differentiate between hypoxia and hypercapnia.

[3marks]

Section B
Answer only ONE question (20marks each)
4.
Outline the pathogenesis of;

a)
Acute mountain sickness.

[10marks]

b)
Cushings syndrome

[10marks]
Page 1 of 7

5.
Give the classification and outline the pathogenesis of shock.

[20marks]

Section C
Answer all questions. Tick the correct answer.
1.
All the following conditions interfere with swallowing. Except;

a)
Botulism

b)
Myasthemia gravis

c)
Dystrophy

d)
Gastritis

2.
Severe achalasia may cause the following except;

a)
Substernal pain

b)
Mega esophagous

c)
Ulceration and rapture of esophagous

d)
Pancreatitis

3.
The following is not associated with chronic gastritis

a)
Gastric hyperacidity

b)
Achlorhydria

c)
Pernicious anaemia

d)
Atrophy of gastric mucosa

4.
Peptic ulcers is associated with;

a)
Hypoclorhudria

b)
Achlorhydria

c)
Gastrinomas

d)
All the above
5.
Pentagastrin test is used in diagnosis of;

a)
Hirchsprungs disease

b)
Gluten enteropathy

c)
Peptic ulcer

d)
Angina pectoris

6.
Pneumonia does NOT cause;
Page 2 of 7

a)
Increase the total surface area of respiratory membrane in the lungs

b)
Decrease the ventilation perfusion ration in the lungs

c)
Hypoxemia

d)
Hypercapnia

7.
Atelectasis may be caused by the following;

a)
Lack of surfactant

b)
Obstruction of airways by mucus plug or tumour

c)
Destruction of prenumocytes type II

d)
None of the above

8.
The following statement is NOT true concerning Tuberculosis;

a)
Is associated with walling off of lesion by fibrous tissue forming tubercles

b)
Reduces the work of breathing

c)
Have no effect on respiratory membrane

d)
Aetiology is bacterial

9.
The following is associated with Asthma Except;

a)
Reduce work of breathing

b)
Reduced timed vital capacity (FEVI)

c)
Normoxemia

d)
Mast cell degranulation

10.
Acclimatization to high altitude does NOT involve the following;

a)
Increased vascularization of the tissues

b)
Anaemia

c)
Increase in hermotocrit level

d)
Respiratory alkalosis
11.
Increase centrifugal for (positive G) may cause;

a)
Bends

b)
Collapse of vertebral column

c)
Hypovolemic shock

d)
Pooling of blood in lower extremities

Page 3 of 7

12.
The following can cause diabetes mellitus except;

a)
Increase insulin levels

b)
Lack of insulin

c)
Obesity

d)
Increase in circulating levels anti-insulins like Leptin

13.
The following is an example of non-fixed acid in the body.

a)
Hydrogen peroxide

b)
Lactic acid

c)
Carbonic acid

d)
Hydrochloric acid

14.
The following enzyme may be used in diagnosis of prostrate cancer.

a)
? amylase

b)
Alkaline Phosphatase

c)
Acid Phosphatase

d)
Alamine aminotransferase

15.
Incase the sino-Atrial node stops initiating the depolarization waves (pace maker) in the

heart;

a)
Atrial ventricular note may take over

b)
No other area of the heart can take over.

c)
Heat stops beating

d)
All the above are true

16.
Human chorionic genadotrophin is produced by the following except;

a)
Placenta

b)
Testicular tumors

c)
Pituitary gland

d)
Both a and b

Page 4 of 7

17.
Female sterility may be caused by the following except;

a)
Abnormal ovary

b)
Lack of gonadotrophins

c)
Abnormal genetic of the ovum

c)
Low sperm count

18.
Juxta glomerular apparatus;

a)
Produces Angiostensin II

b)
Consists of macular densa cells which are pressure sensors

c)
Consists of Juxtaglomerula cells which are volume sensors

d)
None of the above is true

19.
Chronic renal failure is not associated with;

a)
Oesteomalacia

b)
Anemia

c)
Hypertension

d)
Any of the above

20.
Generalized edema seen in renal failure is mainly due to;

a)
Salt retention

b)
High level of urea

c)
High level of creatinine and uric acid

d)
Sulfates, K+ and guanine

21.
One kidney Goldblatt hypertension results from;

a)
Constriction of the two renal arteries

b)
Nephrotic syndrome

c)
Glomerulare nephritis

d)
Constriction of one of the renal arteries

Page 5 of 7

22.
The following conditions is not associated with a renal defect;

a)
Aminoaciduria

b)
Glucosuria

c)
Addison’s disease

d)
Fanconi’s syndrome

23.
One of the following statement concerning atherosclerosis is NOT true

a)
It predisposed to myocardial infarction

b)
It is characterized by conversion of macrophages to foam cells by infiltration of

cholesterol

c)
It predisposes to cerebral thrombosis

d)
Cigarette smoking is not a predisposing factor

24.
Atheroselerosis is associated with;

a)
Low density Lipoproteins

b)
High density lipoprotein

c)
Very low density lipoproteins

d)
None of the above.

25.
One of the following is not a cause of Hypovolemic shock

a)
Hemorrhage

b)
Burns

c)
Severe diarrhea or vomiting

d)
Hypoxic hypoxia

26.
Which of the following does not occur in septic shock;

a)
Vasodilation

b)
Vasoconstriction

c)
Cytokine and coagulant reactions

d)
Multiple organ failure

Page 6 of 7

27.
Causes of anuria may include the following Except;

a)
Crushing syndrome

b)
Ureteric stones

c)
Blockage of urethra

d)
Lack of arginine vasopressin (ADH)

28.
Glucosuria occurs in the following Except;

a)
Diabetes mellitus

b)
Cushing’s syndrome

c)
Diabetes inspidus

d)
Ranal disease

29.
One of the following statement is True;

a)
Titraiton of gastric samples

b)
Barium meal can help differentiate between peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma

c)
Histamine, pentagastrin and gruel can be used to induce production of gastric acid

juice.

d)
Treatment of peptic ulcers involves use of antibiotics to eliminate Helcobacteria

pyroli and H2 receptor blockers to block effect of histamine on Histamine

receptors.
30.
One of the following statement concerning Osteomalacia is not correct;

a)
Its not similar to rickets

b)
Its caused by lack of 1, 25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol (vi+D3)

c)
Its caused by lack of parathyroid hormone

c)
It weakens the bones.
Page 7 of 7

Hml 203: Human Pathophysiology Question Paper

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