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Dcmm 211:Clinical Pathology Question Paper

Dcmm 211:Clinical Pathology

Course:Clinical Medicine

Institution: Kenya Methodist University question papers

Exam Year:2013

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (DCMM 211) 1ST TRIMESTER 2013
KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY

END OF 1''ST ''TRIMESTER 2013 EXAMINATION
SCHOOL : MEDICINE & HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT : CLINICAL MEDICINE
UNIT CODE : DCMM 211
UNIT TITLE : CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
TIME : 2 HOURS

Question One

Features of congenital adrenal hyperplasia include:

* Hypoaldostaronism
* Hirsutism
* Cuhsing syndrome
* Precaucrous puberty
* Masculinization

Question Two

Features of hypothyroidism include

* Weight gain
* Fine tremors
* Hyperactivity
* Common in grave’s disease
* Palpitations

Question Three

Complications of sickle cell disease include

* Aseptic arthritis
* Priapism
* Cerebrovascular accidents
* Splenomegaly at 20 years
* Folate overload

Question Four

Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla include

* Aldosterone
* Angiotensin
* Androgen
* Adrenaline
* Cortisol

Question five

Adverse effects of longterm steroid use include

* Peptic ulcer disease
* Glucose intolerance
* Osteoporosis
* Depression
* Immunosupression

Question Six

Features of type 2 diabetes include

* Has no genetic predisposition
* Oral hypoglycaemics have no role in management
* Common in childhood
* Associated with the metabolic syndrome
* Associated with tumor lysis syndrome

Question Seven

Causes of megaloblastic anaemia include

* Lymphomas
* Folate deficiency
* Anaemia of chronic disease
* Sickle cell anaemia
* Haemolytic anaemia

Question Eight

Causes of hypopituitarism include

* Irradiation
* Severe head injury
* Conn’s syndrome
* Sheehan’s syndrome
* Pituitary adenomac

Question Nine

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

* Are more aggressive than non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
* Commonly affect Neutrophils
* Main mode of treatment is surgical
* Include Burkitt’s lymphoma
* Associated with Reed sterburg cells

Question Ten

Patients with leukemia present with

* Microlytic anaemia
* Hypercellular bone marrow
* Tumor lysis syndrome
* Recurrent upper respiratory infections
* Bleeding tendencies

Question Eleven

Effects of insulin in the body include

* Increased lipolysis
* Increased glycogenesis
* Reduced glycolysis
* Increased protein synthesis
* Increased lipogenesis

Question Twelve

Management principles of sickle cell disease

* Prophylactic antibiotics
* Iron supplementations
* Hydoxyurea use
* Routine antimalarials use
* Routine vaccination against encapsulated bacteria

Question Thirteen

Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary include

* Vasopressin
* Growth hormone
* Oxytocin
* Thyroid hormone
* Aldosterone

Question Fourteen

Glycagon

* Causes hypoglycemia
* Produced by pancreatic beta cells
* Forms part of the exocrine gland of the pancreas
* Produced during hyperglycemia
* Function is similar to insulin

Question Fifteen

Concerning thalassaemia

* Inherited as a sex linked trait
* Associated with macrocytic anaemia
* Patients may present with tossing of skull
* Hydrops foetalis is compartible with life
* Is a qualitative defect of haemoglobin

Question Sixteen

Causes of secondary hyper parathyroidism include

* Parathyroid adenoma
* Chronic renal failure
* Pituitary adenoma
* Cushings syndrome
* May occur post thyroidectomy

Question Seventeen

Chronic leukaemias

* Move common in children
* Consists mainly of immature blast cells
* Main form of treatment is surgical
* Can cause massive splenomegaly
* May convert to acute leukaemias

Question Eighteen

Haemophilia

* Has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern
* Type B is due to factor 7 deficiency
* Associated with haemothrosis
* Occurs due to defect in thrombin
* Patients are at an increased risk of subdural haematoma

Question Nineteen

Elements necessary in thyroid hormone synthesis include

* Iron
* Calcium
* Folate
* Iodine
* Tyrosine

Question Twenty

Tumor lysis syndrome

* Allopurinol plays a role in its management
* Associated with hyperkalemia
* Rehydration plays no role in management
* Opioids are a mainstay in management
* Rarely presents with electrolyte imbalances

SECTION B: (5 MARKS EACH)

Question One

List five causes of bone marrow failure

Question Two

Outline complications associated with leukemias

Question Three

Outline the effects of calcitriol in calcium metabolism

Question Four

List five causes of leucocytosis

Question Five

List investigations done in burkitt’s lymphoma

Question Six

Outline causes of polycythaemia

Question Seven

List five types of sickling crisis

Question Eight

Briefly discuss the effects of growth hormone

Question Nine

Define the following terms and their normal ranges

* Mean capusular volume

(2.5 Marks)

* Packed cell volume

(2.5 Marks)

Question Ten

Briefly outline complications associated with hemophilia

SECTION C (25 Marks Each)

Question One

Discuss the process by which glucose levels are regulated in the body.

Question Two

Discuss the hypothalamo – pituitary gland axis as involved in endocrine haemostasis.

Dcmm 211:Clinical Pathology Question Paper

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