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Basic Human Pathology Question Paper

Basic Human Pathology

Course:Bachelor Of Science In Medical Laboratory Science

Institution: Kenyatta University question papers

Exam Year:2009

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2009/2010
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
HML 210: BASIC HUMAN PATHOLOGY

DATE: Wednesday 23rd December, 2009 TIME: 8.00 a.m. – 10.00 a.m.

SECTION A
Answer ALL questions. – (15 marks)

1.
Compare and contrast autolysis, apoptosis and necrosis.

[5 marks]
2.
Define
and
explain
inflammation.
[5
marks]
3.
Outline the grading and staging of Tumors.

[5 marks]

SECTION B
Answer only ONE question. – (20 marks)
4.
Discuss the reversible cellular adaptation mechanisms.

[20 marks]
5.
Discuss the etiology pathogenesis clinical signs and management of asthma.

[20 marks]

SECTION C – (15 marks)
Choose the correct answer by ticking on the correct choice.
Hypertrophy:
a)
refers to an increase in cell number in a tissue or organ.
b)
is always pathological.
c)
of the left ventricle occurs in patients with systemic hypertension.
Page 1 of 9

d)
is the principle underlying cause of benign prostatic enlargement in elderly
men.
Question 2
Metaplasia:
a)
almost exclusively occurs in epithelial cells.
b)
is irreversible.
c)
commonly occurs in the ectocervix.
d)
is always a premalignant state.

Question 3
Necrosis:
a)
may be a physiological process.
b)
is a well controlled form of cell death.
c)
of the coagulative type is the commonest form.
d)
of the caseous type typically follows infarction.

Question 4
Apoptosis:
a)
elicits an inflammatory response.
b)
is associated with denaturation of caspase enzymes.
c)
causes loss of integrity of the cell membrane.
d)
may be a physiological process.

Question 5
Which of the following is correct regarding acute inflammation?
a)
It may be triggered by histamine.
b)
It is a rapid response specific to the nature of the injury.
c)
It leads to the formation of an exudates composed of fluid, fibrin and
eosinophils.
d)
It always heals by resolution.

Page 2 of 9

Question 6
Which of the following is correct regarding chronic inflammation?
a)
It always follows acute inflammation.
b)
The key inflammatory cell is the macrophage.
c)
Macrophages are activated by IL-12 secreted by CD4+ T helper lymphocytes.
d)
Scarring is triggered by transforming growth factor alpha.

Question 7
Which of the following is correct regarding granulomatous inflammation?
a)
It is defined by the presence of granulomas
b)
Epithelioid histiocytes are so-called because they begin to express epithelial
proteins such as cytokeratins.
c)
It is a characteristic feature of a pyogenic granuloma.
d)
It is a characteristic feature of tuberculosis.

Question 8
Which of the following is correct regarding healing?
a)
It may occur by resolution or repair.
b)
The main cellular components of granulation tissue are blood vessels,
myofibroblasts, fibroblasts and lymphocytes.
c)
Fibroblasts have contractile properties, allowing contraction of the wound.\\
d)
Repair involves the laying down of a fibrin rich scar.

Question 9
Which of the following is correct regarding bacteria?
a)
They have double stranded DNA enclosed in a nucleus.
b)
Gram positive bacteria stain pink with the Gram stain.
c)
Lipopolysaccharide is an integral component of the Gram negative cell wall.
d)
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular Gram negative bacteria.

Page 3 of 9

Question 10
Which of the following is correct regarding viruses?
a)
They consist of genetic material enclosed in a lipid shell called the capsid.
b)
Hepatitis B is an example of a cytopathic virus.
c)
Herpes simplex virus is a retrovirus.
d)
Epstein-Barr virus is oncogenic.

Question 11
Which of the following is correct regarding fungi?
a)
The fungal cell membrane is composed mostly of chitin.
b)
Yeasts reproduce by forming spores.
c)
Aspergillus spores are a known trigger of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
d)
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be treated with high doses of
antifungal agents.

Question 12
Which of the following is correct regarding malaria?
a)
The disease is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium.
b)
Sporozoites infect and multiply within red blood cells, leading to their rupture.
c)
Most fatal cases caused by Plasmodium vivax.
d)
Acute renal failure is due to ischaemic acute tubular necrosis.

Question 13
Which of the following is correct regarding the mode of action of antibacterial agents?
a)
Glycopeptide antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
b)
Macrolide antibiotics act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
c)
Metronidazole acts by binding to, and breaking, bacterial DNA.
d)
Aminoglycosides inhibit nucleic acid synthesis.

Page 4 of 9

Basic Human Pathology Question Paper

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