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Groundwater Exploration And Exploitation Question Paper
Groundwater Exploration And Exploitation
Course:Bachelor Of Science In Water And Environmental Engineering
Institution: Kenyatta University question papers
Exam Year:2008
KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2008/2009
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE (WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING)
SET 430: GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION
DATE: WEDNESDAY, 3RD DECEMBER 2008 TIME: 11.00 A.M. – 1.00 P.M.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Attempt question ONE and any other TWO questions.
Question One
a)
Referring to groundwater characteristics distinguish the following terms:
i)
Confined and Unconfined aquifer
(2 marks)
ii)
Safe yield and specific yield
(2 marks)
iii)
Perched water table and Phreatic water table
(2 marks)
iv)
Aquifage and Aquiclude
(2 marks)
b)
An unconfined aquifer has a static thickness of 30 M. A 30 cm diameter well is pumped at a constant rate of 1200 litres per minute. The drawdown in observation well located 20 and 50 M from the main well is 2.2 M and 1.7 M respectively.
Determine the following parameters.
i)
Coefficient of permeability in lpd/m2 (2 marks)
ii)
Transmissibility in lpd per aquifer (2 marks)
iii)
What is the drawdown at the pumped well? (2 marks)
c)
Discuss five assumptions that are considered in a two-dimensional steady flow when deriving Darcy’s law. (10 marks)
d)
Define and explain the following terms as used in groundwater characteristics:
i)
Storage coefficient
(2 marks)
ii)
Permeability
(2 marks)
iii)
Porosity
(2 marks)
Question Two
a)
Explain the following methods as used in groundwater investigations.
i)
Geologic methods
(2 marks)
ii)
Satellite Remote Sensing
(2 marks)
iii)
Electrical Resistivity
(2 marks)
iv)
Seismic Refraction
(2 marks)
b)
What are the objectives of development/exploitation of groundwater resources. (4 marks)
c)
Explain any two main drilling methods. (8 marks)
Question Three
a)
Discuss four factors considered in designing of well screens and the consequences associated with failure to adopt them. (4 marks)
b)
Discuss two main types of wells. With an aid of a diagram, show features of any of them. (8 marks)
c)
Discuss factors that must be considered in selecting the method to be used in drilling of wells. (8 marks)
Question Four
a)
Explain the importance of the following terms used in drilling of wells:
i)
Geologic log (2 marks)
ii)
Drilling – time log (2 marks)
iii)
Well rehabilitation (2 marks)
iv)
Temperature logging (2 marks)
b)
What are the main causes of well failures? (4 marks)
c)
Briefly discuss any four main procedures/methods used in well development. (8 marks)
Question Five
a)
The choice of well site affects its water quality. List down important points that must be considered to ensure that water from the well is free from contaminants. (4 marks)
b)
Explain the contents of preliminary field reconnaissance in groundwater exploration and exploitation. (8 marks)
c)
Explain chemical and biological methods of groundwater treatment. (4 marks)
d)
Define infiltration gallery. An infiltration gallery has a length of 1500 M. The aquifer which has a thickness of 25 M is fed by a lake located 1200 M from the gallery. The coefficient of permeability K = 800 M/day and the depth of the gallery is 1 M. Calculate the discharge collected by the gallery. (4 marks)
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