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Ens 134: Technology,Environment And Development Question Paper
Ens 134: Technology,Environment And Development
Course:Bachelor Of Environmental Studies
Institution: Kenyatta University question papers
Exam Year:2012
KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2011/2012
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
ENS 134: TECHNOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
DATE: Monday 26th March 2012 Time 2.00pm- 4.00pm
INSTRUCTIONS
Answer question One and any other Three
Question 1
a) Citing relevant examples,explain the following concepts as used to understand the dynamic relationship between technology,environment and development.
i) Limits to growth
ii) Technology transfer
iii) Environmental justice.
iv) Industrial ecology
(12marks)
b) Citing relevant examples, explain THREE key drivers of environmental change.(9marks)
c)State the definition and outline three shortcomings of "sustainable development" as cited in the report "Our Common Future" by the Bruntland's Commission(1987) (4marks)
Question 2
a) With aid of a suitable diagram illustrate and state the "Environmental Kuznet Curves" hypothesis? (5marks)
b)As a Kenya embarks on attaining Vision 2030,briefly explain the factors that may contribute to both an increase and a decrease in environmental degradation relative to per capital income. (10marks)
Question 3
a) With estimated population of two(2) million people,the city of Kisumu generates roughly 1000 tons solid waste per day. The current population is projected to grow at a rate of 5%per year over the next 10 years. Assuming that the per capital waste production remains constant over this period, how much additional waste will the city have to collect and dispose of per day by 2020. (marks)
b)Assuming most of the waste is unhygienically dumped,briefly outline four approaches the Kisumu City Council could adopt to better manage the waste production. (8marks)
Question 4
a) Carbon emissions may be estimated as function of three key parameters: population, Gross Domestic production(GDP).Assume the energy required per dollar of GDP in Kenya increases exponentially at a rate of 6% per year.Further, assume GDP/capital and population growth rates of 12% and 4% per year respectively. If carbon emissions in Kenya were roughly 0.5billion tons in 2010,estimate the emission in 2030. (6marks)
b) Outline three possible policy measures the government could implement to reduce the levels of carbon emissions. (9marks)
Question 5
a) Distinguish between the terms "inertia" and "resilience" as used to describe how ecosystems may respond to human-induced perturbations. (3marks)
b)" The risk and complexity of nonlinear changes in the ecosystems are key factors complicating the relationship between technology, development and environment". Critically discuss this statement citing relevant examples. (12marks)
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