JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
EDUCATION ARTS WITH IT
1ST YEAR 2ND SEMESTER 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
MAIN CAMPUS SCHOOL BASED 
________________________________________________________________________
COURSE CODE: DPS 1203

COURSE TITLE:  POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT IN AFRICA
 
 VENUE:                                                                                    STREAM:
DATE:                                                                                         EXAM SESSION:
TIME:

Instructions
1.	Answer question 1 (COMPULSORY) and any other 2 questions
2.	Candidates are advised not to write on the question paper
3.	Candidates must hand in their answer booklet to the invigilator while     
          the examination Room

1. (a) List five more direct voice accountability systems have been developed in some
African countries and elsewhere.	(5marks)
(b)	Briefly explain 6 Conditions for effective citizen voice initiatives	(6marks)
(c)	State 8 Conditions for effective responsiveness of local government	(8marks)
(d)	Briefly discuss two types of pre-colonial states in Africa	(6marks)
(e)	State five factors that helped in State Formation in pre-colonial Africa (5marks)
2. Discuss obstacles that prevent individuals from participation in political and societal processes (20marks)
3. Briefly explain the processes encouraging participation in political and societal processes	(20 marks)
4. Outline learning processes that can be derived from singular examples of failed participatory approaches, e.g. in the fields of corruption control, health and governmental programmes (20 marks)
5. Briefly discuss factors motivating democratic decentralization in Africa since the mid-1970s(20marks)