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What is fragmentation? Tell about different types of fragmentation? What are necessary conditions for dead lock?

What is fragmentation? Tell about different types of fragmentation? What are necessary conditions for dead lock?

Answers

Francis
When many of free blocks are too small to satisfy any request then fragmentation
occurs. External fragmentation and internal fragmentation are two types of
fragmentation. External Fragmentation happens when a dynamic memory allocation
algorithm allocates some memory and a small piece is left over that cannot be
effectively used. Internal fragmentation is the space wasted inside of allocated
memory blocks because of restriction on the allowed sizes of allocated blocks.

1. Mutual exclusion (where at least one resource is non-sharable)
2. Hold and wait (where a process holds one resource and waits for other resource)
3. No preemption (where the resources can’t be preempted)
4. Circular wait (where p[i] is waiting for p[j] to release a resource. i= 1,2,…n
j=if (i!=n) then i+1else 1 )
Francis Nkurumwa answered the question on March 2, 2018 at 13:30

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