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• Chromosomes are very long and thin.
• They are greatly and loosely coiled and fit within the nucleus.
• During cell division they shorten, become thicker and are easily observable.
• Each consists of two chromatids.
• The two chromatids are held at same position along the length, at the centromere.
• Chromatids separate during cell division in mitosis and in the second stage of meiosis.
• Chromosomes take most dyes and stain darker than any other part of the cell.
• This property has earned them the name "chromatin material"
• Each chromosome is made up of the following components:
• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - this carries the genes.
• It is the major component of the genetic material.
• Protein e.g. histones.
• Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is present in very small amounts.
• Enzymes concerned with DNA and RNA replication - these are DNA and RNA polymerases and ligases.
Wilfykil answered the question on February 28, 2019 at 10:23
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