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-Over-exploitation of the resource (Reeds, Mangroves, fishes, molluscs etc.) by communities and other users. No clearly defined and established sustainable use.
-Introduction of exotic/alien species – e.g. the water hyacinth, Eichhorniacrasspes and Salviniamolesta the weeds have invaded East Africa fresh water ecosystem, the main negative effects are:- reduction in fish population by smothering of breeding grounds, extensive de-oxygenation in some areas and increased debris load over feeding grounds. An alteration of the natural wetland fringe through successional patterns and elimination of underwater plants. There are a variety of socio- economical detrimental effects e.g. physical threats water based utility especially the national hydroelectric power station in Uganda, increased operational costs for purifying and pumping the water, physical interference with fishing operations (entanglements or loss of nets) and blockage of commercial transport.
nadequate education and awareness among the stakeholders, especially the policy makers and resource users, particularly on wise use and sustainable natural resource management practices.
-Inadequate technical and skilled human resources to undertake specialized conservation and management programmes.
-Ineffective enforcement of the existing environmental sectoral policies, legislations, regulations and rules touching on wetlands.
-Wetland pollution from urban centres, Deforestation of catchment forests, sedimentation and siltation of wetlands from inappropriate land use and development practices including agriculture, settlement, grazing, dam constructions and diversion of rivers
marto answered the question on March 20, 2019 at 10:49
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