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Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow.

Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow.
Our emphasis on money and industries has made us concentrate on urban development. We recognize that we do not
have enough money to bring the kind of development to each village which would benefit everybody. We also know that we cannot establish an industry in each village and through this means effect a rise in the real incomes of the people. For these reasons, we spend most of our money in urban areas and our industries are established in the towns.
Yet the greater part of this money that we spend in the towns comes from loans. Whether it is used to build schools, hospitals, houses or factories etc. It still has to be repaid. But it is obvious that it cannot be repaid just out of the money obtained from urban and industrial development. To repay the loans we have to use foreign currency which is obtained from the sale of our exports. But we do not now sell our industrial products in foreign markets, and indeed it is likely to be a long time before our industries produce for export. The main aim of our new industries is import substitution - that is to produce things which hitherto we have had to import from foreign countries.
It is therefore obvious that the foreign currency we shall use to pay back the loans used in the development of the urban areas will not come from the towns or industries. Where then shall we get it from? We shall get if from the villages and from agriculture. What does this mean? It means that the people who benefit directly from development, which is brought by borrowed money, are not the ones who will repay the loans. The largest proportion of the loans will be spent in and for the urban area, but the largest proportion of the loans will be spent through the efforts of the farmers.
This fact should always be borne in mind for there are various forms of exploitation. We must not forget that people who live in towns can possibly become the exploiters of those who live in rural areas. All our big hospitals are in towns and they benefit only a small section of the people of Tanzania. Yet if we have built them with loans from outside Tanzania, it is the overseas sale of peasants' produce, which provides the foreign exchange for repayment. Those who do not get the benefit of the hospitals thus carry major responsibility of paying for them. Tarmac roads, too, are mostly found in towns and are a special value to the motor car owners. Yet if we have built those roads with loans, it is again the farmer who produces the goods who will pay for them. What is more, the foreign exchange with which the car is bought also comes the sale of the farmers' produce. Again, electric lights, water pipes, hotels and other aspects of modern developments are mostly found in towns. Most of them have been built with loans and most of them do not benefit the farmer directly, although they will be paid for by the foreign exchange earned by the sale of this produce. We should always bear this in mind.
Although when we talk of exploitation we usually think of capitalists, we should not forget that there are many small fish in the sea. They eat each other. The large ones eat the small ones and the small ones eat those who are even smaller. There are two possible ways of dividing the people in our country. We can put the capitalists and feudalists on one side, and the peasants and workers on the other. But we can also divide the people into urban dwellers on one side and those who live in the rural areas on the other. If we are not careful, we might get to the position where the real exploitation in Tanzania is that of the town dwellers exploiting the peasants.

a) What is the author's main argument in the first paragraph? (2 marks)

b) According to the passage, what are the sources of money used to repay loans obtained by Tanzania? (2 marks)

c) In not more than 50 words, summarize the reasons why the town people are considered exploiters. (6 marks)

d) Mention two challenges facing the Tanzanian government as brought out in the passage. (2 marks)

e) Explain how appropriate the figure of speech in the last paragraph is in relation to the author's argument. (3 marks)

f) The author says: "This fact should always be borne in mind . . ." Which fact is he referring to and why should it be borne in
mind? (2 marks)

g) We must not forget that people who live in towns can possibly exploit those who live in rural areas.
(Rewrite in the passive). (1 mark)

h) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage. (2 marks)

i) hitherto .

ii) borne in mind

Answers

a) The author's main argument is our reasons for spending most of our money in developing urban centers while we neglect
the village 2 (2 mks)

b) Money obtained from urban and industrial development and money obtained from foreign currency money obtained
form the sale of exports.

c) The town people enjoy the use of big hospitals, tarmac roads, electric lights, water pipes, hotels and
other aspect of modern development) yet the foreign exchange with which all these are provided comes from the sale
of the farmer's produce (6 mks)

(Responses must be in continuous prose, if not deduct 1/2 mark from each point in note form

d) Challenges facing Tanzanian government (2 mks)
- Lack of enough money to bring the kind of development to each village, which would benefit everybody.
- Inability to establish an industry in each village and through this means effect a rise in the real incomes of the peopleü1
e) Metaphor large and small fish refer to ordinary citizens/individuals and those in authority. The large fish eating small
ones shows how the ordinary citizens are exploited by those in authority. (3 mks)

f) Carrying the burden of loan repayment. it is an element of exploitation (2 mks)

g) We must not forget that those people who live in rural areas can possibly be ( can be possibly) exploited by those who
live in towns. (1 mk

h) Meaning of words. (2 mks)

i) Up to now/until now

ii) Remembered/considered

marto answered the question on April 9, 2019 at 06:31

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