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OOP is a methodology for modelling the real world (or at least the problem being solved), by decomposing the problem into smaller discrete pieces called objects. What makes an object unique is the formal and explicit combination these smaller pieces' behaviour with its data into a single entity. The object's behaviours are called methods in OO terminology, while its data is called the Object's state. The OOP approach provides a way of modularizing programs by creating partitioned memory area of both data and functions that can be used as templates for creating copies of such modules on demand.
The following are some of the technical attributes that must be present for a program (or a programming Language) to be considered Object Oriented:
i) Inheritance
ii) Polymorphism
iii) Encapsulation and protection.
In this programming paradigm, the data types of data structures are defined by the programmer as well as their properties and the things that can be done with them. With OOP, programmers can also create relationships between data structures and create new data types based on existing ones by inheriting characteristics from one data type to another.
The OOP ties the data more closely to the functions that operate on it, and protects it from accidental modification by external functions. The OOP allows the decomposition of a problem into a number of objects and then builds data and functions around the objects.
Kavungya answered the question on May 15, 2019 at 15:19
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