Get premium membership and access questions with answers, video lessons as well as revision papers.
(i) Proactive History
This is all the differences the subjects bring with them in the investigation. This is controlled by random selection of subjects and random assignment to groups.
(ii) Retroactive History.
Certain events may occur during the time the study is conducted that may influence the behavior of the subjects involved. Rectroactive history is of concern to researchers conducting long-term investigations.
(iii) Maturation
Development differences in subjects during the course of research study can affect internal validity. The use of control group is the best way to deal with the influences of maturation.
(iv) Testing
Testing plays an important role in many research studies. A pre-test is often used to measure performance level before some special training. A post-test follows training to determine if it had any effects.
For a study to be internally valid, the researcher must find ways to ensure the training and not pre-test was responsible for the difference in performance following training.
(v) Investigators Bias
Experimentor or investigator bias is an issue of great concern in research today. The expectations of even the most conscientious experimentor may
unintentionally influence the results of the study. One way of controlling such a bias is through double blind control procedure where neither the individual collecting the data nor the subject participating in the study is aware of the hypotheses or expected outcomes.
(vi) Attrition
Subjects from certain groups in a research study may be lost for a variety of reasons. If the loss is particularly great for a certain group, the internal validity may be reduced.
maurice.mutuku answered the question on October 3, 2019 at 11:53
- Define Internal Validity.(Solved)
Define Internal Validity.
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- What are the steps involved in split –half technique?(Solved)
What are the steps involved in split –half technique?
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Highlight the steps involved in the equivalent form method.(Solved)
Highlight the steps involved in the equivalent form method.
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Explain how "The equivalent form technique" works(Solved)
Explain how "The equivalent form technique" works
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Give the steps involved in Test-Retest method(Solved)
Give the steps involved in Test-Retest method
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Give situations that may be served by observation data(Solved)
Give situations that may be served by observation data
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Outline the procedure for interviewing(Solved)
Outline the procedure for interviewing
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Discuss the main methods of administering Questionnaires(Solved)
Discuss the main methods of administering Questionnaires
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Discuss the types of Questions in a Questionnaire/Interview Guide(Solved)
Discuss the types of Questions in a Questionnaire/Interview Guide
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- What are the weaknesses of Interview Guide?(Solved)
What are the weaknesses of Interview Guide?
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- What are the advantages of Interview Guide?(Solved)
What are the advantages of Interview Guide?
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Discuss methods of Selecting a Sample(Solved)
Discuss methods of Selecting a Sample
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Discuss the types of Research Design(Solved)
Discuss the types of Research Design
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- List the methods involved in carrying out content analysis(Solved)
List the methods involved in carrying out content analysis
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Define Case Study(Solved)
Define Case Study
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Give the advantages of Observational Research(Solved)
Give the advantages of Observational Research
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- List the steps involved in historical research(Solved)
List the steps involved in historical research
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Highlight the sources of Historical Research.(Solved)
Highlight the sources of Historical Research.
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- What are the sources of Historical/Documentary Research?(Solved)
What are the sources of Historical/Documentary Research?
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)
- Highlight the steps involved in Survey(Solved)
Highlight the steps involved in Survey
Date posted: October 3, 2019. Answers (1)