Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow.

Read the passage below and then answer the questions that follow.


Moving to a new country can be exciting, even exhilarating experience. In a new environment, you somehow feel more alive: seeing new sights, eating new food, hearing the foreign sounds of a new language, and feeling a different climate against your skin stimulate your senses as never before. Soon, however, this sensory bombardment becomes sensory overload. Suddenly, new experiences seem stressful rather than stimulating, and delight turns into discomfort. This is the phenomenon known as culture shock. Culture shock is more than jet lag or homesickness, and it affects nearly everyone who enters a new culture – tourists, business travelers, diplomats and students alike. Although not everyone experiences culture shock in exactly the same way, many experts agree that it has roughly five stages.
In the first stage, you are excited by your new environment. You experience some simple difficulties such as trying to use the telephone or public transportation, but you consider these small challenges that you can
quickly overcome. Your feelings about the new culture are positive, so you are eager to make contact with people and to try new foods.
Sooner or later, differences in behavior and customs become more noticeable to you. This is the second stage of culture shock. Because you do not know the social customs of the new culture, you may find it difficult to make friends. For instance, you do not understand how to make “small talk,” so they overhear a conversation. You understand all the words, but you do not understand the meaning. Why is everyone laughing? Are they laughing at you or at some joke that you did not understand?
Also, you aren’t always sure how to act while shopping. Is this store self-service or should you wait for a clerk to assist you? If you buy a sweater the wrong size, can you exchange it? These are not minor challenges; they are major frustrations.
In the third stage you no longer have positive feelings about the new culture. You feel that you have made a mistake in coming here. Making friends hasn’t been easy, so you begin to feel lonely and isolated. Now you want to be with familiar people and eat similar food. You begin to spend most your free time with students from your home country, and you eat in restaurants that serve your native food. In fact, food becomes an obsession, and you spend a lot of time planning, shopping for, and cooking food from home.
You know that you are in the fourth stage of culture shock when you have negative feelings about almost everything. In this stage you actively reject the new culture. You become critical, suspicious, and irritable. You believe that people are unfriendly, that your landlord is trying to cheat you, that your teachers do not like you, and that the food is making you sick. In fact, you may actually develop stomachaches, headaches, sleeplessness, lethargy, or other physical symptoms.
Finally, you reach the fifth stage. As your language skills improve, you begin to have some success in meeting people and in negotiating situations. You are able to exchange the sweater that was too small, and you can successfully chat about the weather with a stranger on the bus. Your self-confidence grows. After realizing that you cannot change your surroundings, you begin to accept the differences and tolerate them. For instance the food will never be as tasty as the food in your home country, but you are now able to eat and sometimes even enjoy many dishes. You may not like the way some people in your host country dress or behave in public, but you do not regard their clothes and behavior as wrong – just different. In conclusion, nearly everyone moving to a new country feels some decree of culture shock.
Symptoms may vary, and not all people experience all five stages. Newcomers with a strong support group may feel at home immediately in the new culture, while others take months to feel comfortable. Staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude, and above all, learning the language as soon as possible is ways to overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.
From: Writing Academic English, Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue, Pearson Education, Longman (2006)

(a) According to the passage, what is the meaning of culture shock?

(b) Identify any three factors that can cause culture shock?

(c) What evidence does the author give to show "you understand all the words, but you do not understand the meaning"?

(d) Give any three features that characterize a person in the worst state of culture shock.

(e) In note form, give the difficulties experienced in the second stage of culture shock

(f) Why is making friends helpful in overcoming culture shock?

(g) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage.

i. Alive –

ii. Obsession –

iii. Negotiation –

(h) Staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude, and, above all, learning the language as soon as possible are ways to overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.

(Rewrite the sentence above without changing the meaning. Begin: You.....)

(a) Culture shock is the stress/discomfort/sensory overload that a person experiences when he/she arrives in a new culture/ environment/ country.

(b)
- Food
- Language
- Varied ways of doing things/ shopping/ transport system/ using the telephone.
- Social behavior/ customs
- Mode of dressing
- Seeing new sights
- Feeling a different climate.

(c) Miss the jokes
Can’t make "small talk" / casual get-acquainted conversation
Can’t shop efficiently

(d) The person
i) Has negative feelings about everything/ critical
ii) Actively rejects the new culture/ suspicious/ people are unfriendly/ teachers do not like you/ your landlord is trying to cheat you.
iii) Irritable/ that the food is making you sick/ you may develop stomachaches, headaches, sleeplessness, lethargy, or other physical symptoms.

(e)
(i) The challenge of making friends
(ii) Difficulty in making ‘small talk’ / carrying on a conversation.
(iii) Difficulty in understanding how language is used/ jokes.
(iv) Difficulty in shopping / understanding the system.

(f) You are able to socialize easily / ask for help/ your confidence improves/ learn the language/ adapts quickly to the new environment/ Have a positive attitude towards it.

(g) Alive – alert/ aware/ responsive/ rejuvenated/ active/ animated/ having vigour/ elated/ spirited/ happy/ excited/ jovial.
Obsession – something you are crazy about/ a preoccupation/ an addiction/ something you like a lot.
Negotiation – communication fluently/ establishing commonness of meaning/ becoming idiomatic in expression/ getting understood or understanding fully/ convincing.

(h) You can/ will overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land by staying in touch with friends and family, keeping a positive attitude and above all , learning the language as soon as possible.

Or

You need/ should/ ought to stay in touch with friends and family, keep a positive attitude and, above all, learn the language as soon as possible if you are too/ so as to/ in order to overcome the difficulties and frustrations of adapting to life in a new land.

---

marto answered the question on October 14, 2019 at 10:25

Exams With Marking Schemes

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  Rewrite beginning with: Removing....................
  
  (d) Describe two traits demonstrated byTaiyo in the excerpt
  
  (e) Discuss two styles used by the author in the excerpt.
  
  (f) Highlight two themes presented in the excerpt.
  
  (g) What happens immediately after this excerpt?
  
  h) Give the meaning of the following words as used in the excerpt.
  
  i. Exasperation
  
  ii. Befuddle
  
  iii. Archaic

  Date posted: October 8, 2019 .    Answers (1)