(a) Nominal level. The observations are classified under a common characteristic e.g. sex, race, marital status, employment status, language, religion etc. helps in sampling.
(b) Ordinal level: items or subjects are not only grouped into categories, but they are ranked into some order e.g. greater than, less than, superior, happier than, poorer, above etc. helps in developing a likert scale.
(c) Interval level: numerals are assigned to each measure and ranked. The intervals between numerals are equal. The numerals used represent meaningful quantities but the zero point is not meaningful e.g. test scores, temperature.
(d) Ratio level: has all the characteristics of the other levels and in addition the zero point is meaningful. Mathematical operations can be applied to yield meaningful values e.g. height, weight, distance, age, area etc.
Titany answered the question on October 21, 2021 at 12:49
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