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Basque is a language isolate spoken in the Pyrenees, divided by the Spain-France border.
Etruscan was the language of Etruria in northern Italy before the spread of Latin; it is now
known to be related to two less well attested languages, Rhaetian in the Alps and Lemnian on
the island of Lemnos (Limnos) in the Aegean. Hurrian (sixteenth century BCE) and Urartean
(ninth to seventh centuries BCE) are two related extinct languages once spoken in eastern
Anatolia.
The Yeniseian family of languages has only one survivor, Ket, spoken on the Yenisei
River in western Siberia, although other languages are known from historical records that
became extinct from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. Yukaghir, spoken in the area of
the Kolyma and Indigirka rivers in northeastern Russia, is sometimes treated as a language
isolate, although many linguists believe that it is distantly related to Uralic. Nivkh (Gilyak) is a language isolate spoken at the mouth of the Amur River and on Sakhalin Island. Ainu
(Shibatani 1990) is a virtually extinct language spoken in northern Japan (Hokkaido Island).
Some or all of the languages mentioned here are often referred to collectively as
Paleosiberian or Paleoasiatic, but this is essentially a negative characterization (they do not
belong to any of the established language families), with no implication that they are related
to one another.
Titany answered the question on May 11, 2022 at 09:36