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1. Primary brain damage, which is damage that is complete at the time of impact, may include:
- skull fracture: breaking of the bony skull
- contusions/bruises: often occur right under the location of impact or at points where the force of the blow has driven the brain against the bony ridges inside the skull
- hematomas/blood clots: occur between the skull and the brain or inside the brain itself
- lacerations: tearing of the frontal (front) and temporal (on the side) lobes or blood vessels of the brain (the force of the blow causes the brain to rotate across the hard ridges of the skull, causing the tears)
- nerve damage (diffuse axonal injury): arises from a cutting, or shearing, force from the blow that damages nerve cells in the brain's connecting nerve fibers.
2. Secondary brain damage, which is damage that evolves over time after the trauma, may
include:
- brain swelling (edema)
- increased pressure inside of the skull (intracranial pressure)
- epilepsy
- intracranial infection
- fever
- hematoma
- low or high blood pressure
- low sodium
- anemia
- too much or too little carbon dioxide
- abnormal blood coagulation
- cardiac changes
- lung changes
- nutritional changes
francis1897 answered the question on March 10, 2023 at 06:03
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