- Disruption of trade by the Portuguese leading to loss of revenue to sustain the towns
- Constant warfare and conflicts between the Portuguese and the locals
- Invasion of coastal settlement by the Zimba
- Increased conflicts among the city states discouraging traders from the interior to bring trade
goods to the coast
- Lack of fresh water
- Dry spell which hindered farming activities
- Rivalry among European nations for the control of trade
OR
i) Disruption of trade by the Portuguese resulted in loss of revenue
ii) Constant warfare and conflict between the Portuguese and the coastal towns led to total destruction of some coastal settlements,
iii) Invasion of coastal settlements by the Zambia led to the disruption of economic activities of the coastal settlements
iv) Increased conflict between the city state discouraged traders from the interior to bring trade good to the coast
v) The drought spell hindered farming activities/lack of water
vi) Conflicts between the Mazrui family and the Al Busaidi family over the control of the coastal settlement
vii) Taxes levied on the coastal settlement by corrupt Portuguese administrator weakened the economic base of the settlement,
viii) Rivalry between European nations for the control of the trade
gideon1 answered the question on October 4, 2017 at 13:33
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