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- Loss of independence. Both Shana and the Ndebele had lost their independence to the
British.
- Loss of their king. The Ndebele had lost their king Lobengula during 1893 war.
- Loss of land. Most of the fertile land had been taken by the British and the Africans were
pushed into unproductive reserves that had no water or were infested with tsetse fly e.g.
Gwaii and Shangani.
- Forced labour: The Shana were forcibly recruited to provide cheap labour in settler farms.
- Africans were forced to pay taxes to the white government.
- The Shona had always traded with the Portuguese but this had been disrupted by the British
who took over the trade.
- Material disaster such as famine, drought, locust, rinder pest were given a religious
interpretation. To the priests their god mwari was annoyed with the presence of the
whiteman.
- Loss of cattle – The British confiscated cattle from the Ndebele and the Shona.
- The Ndebele were annoyed because they had lost the Shona as their subject. They could no
longer use them as (Holi) slaves.
- Use of mashona police. The Ndebele angered them because the Shona were their subjects.
johnmulu answered the question on April 27, 2017 at 06:31
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