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Define the following terms as used in Genetics:

Define the following terms as used in Genetics:
1. Genotype
2. Phenotype
3. Alleles
4. Homozygous
5. Heterozygous
6. Hybrid
7. Hybrid vigour or Heterosis

Answers

Wilfred
1. Genotype:
• The genes present in an individual. The genetic constitution of an individual. It is expressed in alphabetical notation.e.g TT,Tt

2. Phenotype:
• The observed character or appearance i.e. the expression of the genes in the structure and physiology of the organism.
• In some cases the phenotype is the product of the genotype and the environment. Phenotype is expressed in words.eg TALL,SHORT,RED WHITE .etc.

3. Alleles:
• These are alternative forms of the same gene that control a pair of contrasting characters e.g. tall and short.
• They are found at the same position or gene-locus on each chromosome in a homologous pair.

4. Homozygous:
• This is a state where the alleles in an individual are similar e.g. TT (for tall)

5. Heterozygous:
• This is a state where the alleles are dissimilar i.e. each of the two genes responsible for a pair of contrasting characters are present
• e.g. Tt. (T for tall; t for short)

6. Hybrid:
• This is the offspring resulting from crossing of two individuals with contrasting characters.

7. Hybrid vigour or Heterosis:
• The hybrid develops the best characteristics from both parents
• i.e. it is stronger or healthier, or yields more than either parent.
Wilfykil answered the question on February 28, 2019 at 10:40

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