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a) Traditional methods
-Breast-feeding
- This practice can delay the resumption of ovulation (World Bank, 1992) and deplete body fat stores. It can be a very effective way of fertility control if linked to certain taboos against sexual intercourse during fertile periods.
-Abstinence from sex
– This should be done until a couple attains consenting adult age and actually get married.
Induction of sterility with natural agents (folk medicines).
b) Modern methods – Modern family planning methods such as: -
i) Sex abstinence during fertile periods
ii) Celibacy
– using changes in body temperature or cervical mucus colour and viscosity to predict occurrence of ovulation.
iii) Mechanical barriers such as condoms, spermicides, diaphragm, cervical cap and vaginal sponge are increasingly being used to avoid sperm – egg contact.
iv) Chemical pills or contraceptives pills
– These prevent maturation or release of sperms and eggs or implantation of embryo on uterus by controlling the levels of hormones e.g. progesterone.
v) Physical barriers that prevent implantation of the embryo in the uterus e.g. Intra Uterine Device (IUD).
vi) Surgical techniques that prevent release of sperm or eggs or sterilization. These include tubal ligation techniques and vasectomy in females and males, respectively.
vii) Skin implants inserted under the skin: these release progesterone analog hormone gradually for up to 5 years.
viii) Abortion – Medical or surgical removal of a fertilized embryo up to the age of six months done either ethically or unethically.
marto answered the question on March 20, 2019 at 11:35
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