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Evolutionary perspective
Under Dawin’s influence, early theorists viewed behavior as controlled by biological forces, such as specific instincts. Basic drives include hunger, thirst, and sleepiness etc – biological requirements of the body. These are referred to as primary drives.
Drive-reduction Theory
This is the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce the need by, say, eating or drinking. When a physiological need increases, so does a psychological drive – an aroused, motivated state. The physiological aim of drive reduction is homeostasis – the maintenance of a steady internal state. Thus, drive reduction motivates survival behaviors such as eating and drinking
Optimum Arousal
Rather than reducing a physiological need or tension states some motivated behavior increases arousal. Curiosity-driven behaviors, for example, suggest that too little as well as too much stimulation can motivate people to seek optimum level of arousal
A hierarchy of motives
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs expresses the idea that, until satisfied, some motives are more compelling than others
Physiological and safety needs compose the lower-order needs.
Self-actualizations is a state of self fulfillment in which people reach their highest potential.
Kavungya answered the question on May 8, 2019 at 09:58
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