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• Leader personality and past experiences
Managers' value background and experiences will affect his or her choice of leadership
styles. A manager who has had success in exercising little supervision or values the selffulfilment
needs of subordinates may adopt an employee-oriented style of leadership. A
manager who distrusts subordinates or who simply likes to manage all work activities may
adopt a more authoritarian role.
• Expectation of superiors
A superior who favours task oriented leadership may cause a manager to adopt that style of
leadership. A superior who favours an employee-oriented style on the other hand may
encourage the manager to adopt the employee-oriented leadership.
• Subordinates characteristics and expectations
The response of subordinates to managers will be subordinates characteristics in terms of
skills and training influence the mangers choice of style. Highly capable employee would
normally require less directly approach. The expectation of subordinates is another factor in
determining how appropriate a particular style will be. Subordinates who had employee
centred managers in the past may expect a new manager to have similar style and may react
negatively to authoritarian leadership.
• Tasks requirements
Jobs that precise instructions are to be followed demand more task oriented style than jobs
whose operating procedures can be left largely to the individual employees e.g. University
teaching.
• Organisational climate and policy
The "personality" or climate of an organisation influences the expectations and behaviours
of organisation members. In organisations where climate and policies encourage strict
accountability for expenses and results, managers usually supervise and control
subordinates tightly.
• Peer expectation and behaviour
Ones fellow managers so as not to appear odd. Also conformance to their expectations is
required.
• Forces in the leader
It include his value system, confidence in own leadership inclinations, feelings of
insecurity and uncertainty, and confidence in his subordinates.
• Forces in subordinates
Each employee has different needs, wants, desires, experience, training abilities, skills etc.
It is therefore beneficial for the manager to understand the forces at work within his
employees. A manager could for instance allow participation in decision making if the
employees. are Competent, well trained, ready to assume responsibility, have high needs
for independence, understand and identify with the goals of the organization and necessary
knowledge. If these are absent then the leader may be forced to lead autocratically.
• Forces in the situation
Include environmental pressures such as type of organization, effectiveness of work group,
type of problem and urgency of the problem. For example production workers may work
better under one style while professionals may work better under a different style
Kavungya answered the question on May 17, 2019 at 15:35
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