- Ready market: Fishing is more extensive in areas where there is a high population. High population provides both a high demand for fish and labour force required for the industry to thrive. In places where the population is sparse, the catch is limited, unless transport to ready markets is available.
- Presence of cold ocean currents: Optimum temperature conditions are necessary for the growth of plankton. In areas of warm temperatures, especially those influenced by warm ocean currents, like the Mozambique current, the plankton get killed. This reduces fish food availability and hence fish population. Fish flourishes well in coasts that are washed by cold ocean currents like Namibia, Labrador (Canada) and Peru (South America).
- Nature of the Coastline: Unindented coastlines discourage deep-sea fishing and development of fishing ports. Deep and wide continental shelves host a lot of fish because they harbour plenty of plankton. Many edible fish species live in shallow water and a few beyond the continental shelf. Sheltered inlets are suitable as they provide breeding places, usually free from natural enemies of the fish like predators. Thus, a lot of fish would be found where upwelling of the ocean water occurs as a result of near confluence of two ocean currents e.g. the west coast of Africa. The upwelling of water brings to the surface fish nutrients and the water is readily oxygenated providing oxygen for the fish.
- Presence of planktons: Planktons constitute the major source of fish food. Planktons exist in water but just under certain conditions. Fish feed on small marine organisms (zoo plankton) and small vegetable substances (phyto plankton). Thus, the availability of fish would depend on the availability of food. Plankton thrives in areas where water is less than 180m deep because it is up to this depth that the sunshine, which is necessary for the growth of plankton is able to penetrate water. Scarcity of plankton could lead to migration of fish in search of food.
- Accessibility: Fish are very perishable and can go bad in a matter of hours. Even though refrigeration facilities help in the preservation of fish products, an efficient transport network is essential to transport the catch fast enough to the markets. Moreover many fishermen especially the small-scale ones do not have access to such refrigeration facilities. In Kenya for example, the tarmacking of Kitale – Lodwar road up to Kalokol on the Ferguson Bay of lake Turkana has led to commercial exploitation of fish from this lake. Traders from as far as Nairobi have now been attracted to the lake.
- Level of Technology: Large-scale fishing as an economic activity requires high capital input and sophisticated fishing equipment like boats, nets, refrigerators and processing plants.
maurice.mutuku answered the question on August 15, 2019 at 11:16
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