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International community. The donor community, IMF and World Bank presence in Kenya creates a lull in ethnic violence e.g. 1993 and 2007 interventions.
Kenya is highly fractionalized society with most ethnic groups not being homogenous e.g. Kalenjin, Luyia and Mijikenda have several clans. Ethnic diversity contributes to relative stability.
Grievances have been directed to people settled outside their ancestral lands, not towards the government. May be if the victims organized themselves to demonstrate against the government then it could be a full civil war.
Uncertainty about expected economic gains by those involved in the conflict as it is the elites who gain.
The agenda of perpetrators is not to have full fledge civil war but scare people from their settlements. There is fear of revenge by the members of the diaspora groups e.g. 1997 Kikuyu revenge in Nakuru, Baringo and Laikipia led to the end of ethnic violence.
War aversion in developing countries have increasingly become discredited as a political weapon e.g. from Mau Mau experience, Kikuyu people are said to dread war.
Presence of market economy - communities target in the violence were the most involved in market economy hence higher cost of rebellion and revenge.
jerop5614 answered the question on January 2, 2019 at 17:49
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