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1. Restricted Approach
This where decision making is limited to few people in power so that information leaves from one source and goes direct to the consumer. The change strategies in this approach are based on the centre-periphery model of disseminating an innovation. Dissemination is centrally controlled and managed. The innovation is planned and prepared in details prior to its dissemination which is one way traffic from the centre out to the consumer on the periphery. For example, In Kenya, this would be the case if the information were to leave the Kenya Institute of Education and go directly to schools. The strength of this approach depends on the central resources and the number of destinations in the periphery and their distance from the centre. Power-coercive strategies involve
- The use of power to alter the conditions within which other people act by limiting alternatives
- shaping consequences of acts and directly influencing actions
In its very nature educational end cannot be achieved without the commitment/ involvement of the stake holders. Hence, more open and democratic approaches are advocated.
2. Democratic (open) Approach
The source of information is decentralized and the entire community is involved in decision making. It draws from various models recently developed to cope with new notions in education which rotate around the emphasis on the child as the centre of education and the learning process.
They include:
- Democratization of education
- Active participation of the learner
- Group dynamics
- The whole idea of individual freedom
marto answered the question on May 7, 2019 at 07:31
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