Introduction to Statistics Notes

Institution: University

Course: Bachelor of Education

Content Category: Articles

Posted By: LENNYKIMZ

Document Type: PDF

Number of Pages: 15

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Summary

A brief overview of statistics for junior college and university students undertaking a course involving statistics.

1.1 What is Statistics?
Definition of Statistics
Statistics is the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and
interpret numerical information from data. Descriptive statistics
involves methods of organizing, picturing and summarizing
information from data. Inferential statistics involves methods of
using information from a sample to draw conclusions about the
population.
Keep in Mind:
* Statistical inferences are no more accurate than the data they
are based on (weakest link).
* Statistical results should be interpreted by one who
understands the methods used as well as the subject matter.
Individuals and Variables
Individuals are the people or objects included in the study. A
variable is the characteristic of the individual to be measured or
observed.
For example, if we want to do a study about the people who have
climbed Mt. Everest, then the individuals in the study are the
actual people who made it to the top. The variables to measure or
observe might be the height, weight, race, gender, income, etc of
the individuals that made it to the top of Mt. Everest.
Variables: Quantitative vs. Qualitative
A quantitative variable has a value or numerical measurement for
which operations such as addition or averaging make sense. A
qualitative variable describes and individual by placing the
individual into a category or group such as male or female.
1.1 What is Statistics? (Page 2 of 15)
Example A
State whether the data is qualitative or quantitative.
1. The color of a person’s eye.
2. The height of a person in inches.
3. The a/b/c/d responses on a questionnaire.
.........


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