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Communicable Diseases Notes

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Download new detailed communicable notes, The notes are detailed for students doing diploma in health record and IT, these notes are prepared for student and teachers for study.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES NOTES
_____________________________________________
1) INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Communicable disease: is a type of disease that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways. Virulence: is a pathogen's ability to infect or damage a host. Incubation period: the period between the infection of an individual by a pathogen and the manifestation of the illness or disease it causes. Hygiene: conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness. Susceptibility: is being easily affected by something. A etiology: the study of the causes of a disease Epidemiology: is the study and analysis of the distribution, patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
How communicable diseases spread
How these diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agent. Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are:
1. Physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch (staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB)
2. Contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food (salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
3. Bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease (mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
4. Travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.
AETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
CHOLERA
Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water.
NB Cholera causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. Left untreated, cholera can be fatal in a matter of hours, even in previously healthy people.
Symptoms Most people exposed to the cholera bacterium (Vibrio cholerae) don't become ill and never know they've
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