AGE 302: Geography of Africa Lecture Notes

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KENYATTA UNIVERSITY

AGE 302: GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA

TABLE OF CONTENT ii
FOREWORD vii
1. Introduction 1
PART ONE 2
LESSON ONE: GENERAL AFFAIRS, STATUS OF AFRICA 2
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Objectives 2
1.3 Political Map of Africa 2
1.4 The history of Political Map of Africa 4
1.5 Position, Size of Africa 5
1.6 Revision Questions 7
1.7 Definition of Key Words 7
1.8 Further Reading 8
LESSON TWO: ORIGIN AND GEOLOGICAL FORMATION OF AFRICA 9
A. Origin of the African Continent 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Objectives 9
2.3 Association with the Theory of Continental Drift to the Origin of the African 9
Continent 9
2.4 Geological Formation of Africa 12
2.5 Formation of the Rift Valley System 13
2.6 Summary 16
2.7 Revision Questions 17
2.8 Definition of Key Words 17
2.9 Further Reading 18

3.0 LESSON THREE: PHYSIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS19
OF AFRICA 19
3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Objectives 19
3.3 The Physiographic Setting and Environment 19
3.4 River Drainage of Africa 22
3.5 African Coastlines 26
3.6 Summary 28
3.7 Further Reading 29
4.0 LESSON FOUR: CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF AFRICA 30
4.1 Introduction 30
4.2 Objectives 30
4.2.1 Climatic Characteristics, Variations, Regions and types over the African 31
Continent 31
4.2.2 Climatic Regions of Africa 35
4.2.3 Climatic Types of Africa 37
4.3 Summary 38
4.4 Review Questions 38
4.5 Definition of Key Words 38
4.6 Reading List 39
5.0 LESSON FIVE: SOIL CHARACTERISTICS, TYPES OF AFRICA 40
5.1 Introduction 40
5.2 Objectives 40
5.3 Soil Characteristics Formation in Africa 40
5.4 Soil Types, Classification in Africa 41
5.5 Soils Types, Classification in Africa 45
5.6 Summary 49
5.7 Revision Questions 49
5.8 Definition of Key Words 50
5.9 Reading List 50
6.0 LESSON SIX VEGETATIVE COVER OF AFRICA 51
6.1 Introduction 51
6.2 Objectives 51
6.3 Vegetation diversification in Africa 51
6.3.1 Tropical Rain Forest 52
6.3.2 Tropical Savannah I.E. (i) Moist Woodland Savannah, (ii) Dry Woodland 54
6.3.3 Desert Steppe (Steppe and Desert) 55
6.4 Vegetation Types Of Africa 56
6.5 Climate and Vegetation 57
6.6 Summary 57
6.7 Review Questions 58
6.8 Definition of Key Words 58
6.9 Further Reading 58
PART TWO: HUMAN ENVIRONMENT 59
7.0 LESSON SEVEN: POPULATION ORIGIN, SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION 59
IN AFRICA 59
7.1 Introduction 59
7.2 Learning objectives 59
7.3 The origin, size and distribution 59
7.3.1 Origin of the African ethnicity 59
7.3.2 Population size and distribution in Africa 60
7.3.3 People ethnicity and religion/believes within the African continent. 63
7.4 Factors influencing population distribution in Africa 66
7.5 Population Structure 75
7.6 Problems Associated with a large population 76
7.7 Summary 80
7.8 Revision Questions 80
7.9 Definition of Key Words 81
7.10 Reading List 81
8.0 LESSON EIGHT: AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN AFRICA 82
8.1 Introduction 82
8.2 Learning Objectives 82
8.3 Introduction to Agricultural Sector and Its Significant in Africa. 82
8.3.1 Traditional agriculture in Africa 83
8.3.2 The significant of agriculture in Africa 84
8.4 Some Agricultural types in Africa 85
8.4.1 Forestry and Fishing 85
8.4.2 Mining 85
8.5 Factors that Control Agricultural Distribution 86
8.5.1 Physical factors 86
8.5.2 Cultural and economic factor 89
8.5 Agricultural Types 92
8.6 Summary 95
8.7 Revision Questions 95
8.8 Further Reading 95
9.0 LESSON NINE: AFRICAN INDUSTRY AND TRADE 96
9.1 Introduction 96
9.2 Learning objectives 96
9.3 The Trend of Industry and Trade In Africa 96
9.4 Manufacturing types generally 97
9.5 Factors controlling the site of manufacturing industries 99
9.5.1 Raw Materials 99
9.5.2 Available Markets 100
9.5.3 Transport Networks 100
9.5.4 Local Supply of Labour 101
9.5.5Starting Capital 101
9.5.6 Political Policy 102
9.5.7 Operational Energy 102
9.5.8 Trade 103
9.5.9 Industrial will (inertia) 103
9.10 African Industrialization 105
9.11 Significant of the manufacturing industry 106
9.12 Summary 106
9.13 Revision questions 107
9.14 Further Reading 107
10.0 LESSON TEN: TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION IN AFRICA ………………………………………………………………………………..108
10.1 Introduction 108
10.2 Objectives 108
10.3 Status of transport and communication in Africa 108
10.4 Background Significant of Transport and Communication network for 110
10.5 Summary 112
10.6 Revision Questions 112
10.7 Further Reading 112

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