Diploma in Agriculture: Farm Power and Machineries Module 2 Notes

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Download complete Diploma in Agriculture: Farm Power and Machineries Module 2 Notes.

FARM POWER
Scientific definition for power is the rate at which work is done. Work is expressed in Joule (J)
and time is expressed in Seconds(s). Power therefore is expressed in Joules per Second (J/s). A
power of one Joule per second is equivalent to one Watt (W), the SI unit for power. Power may
also be expressed in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW). The common unit for expressing power
is the Horsepower (Hp). One horsepower is approximately equal to 746 watts. It is however
important to note that farm power in this context is taken to mean energy. Energy is the ability to
do work. Energy is expressed in Joules. Power is required in the farm to do two kinds of work;
namely tractive work (i.e. involving pulling or drawing) such as cultivation, harvesting,
transportation, etc. and stationary work that involves powering from the PTO shaft or belt drive
such as silage making, feed grinding, threshing, winnowing, pumping water, etc. A number of
farm operations are performed by machines for which the tractor supplies power in two ways
simultaneously, which is pulling or pushing the machine as well as powering through the PTO
such as spraying, baling, mowing, etc.
SOURCES OF FARM POWER
1. Animal: Man is the most important source of power at the farm. Man can be the source of
power, supervise work or control draft animals or machinery. The following animals have
been used by man to do work; oxen, donkeys, horses, mules, camels, water buffalos and
elephants. Animals may be used to carry luggage on their backs, draw a cart or pull plough.
As long as the animals are kept in good health, this source of power is
inexhaustible/renewable. The use of animals as a source of power is common in the
developing world (i.e. Latin America, Asia and African countries). Animal power has gained
popularity in these regions due to:
? The farm sizes.
? Land topography.
? Types of crops grown.
? Lack of suitable fuel and machines at reasonable costs.
? Initial cost of mechanical equipment is prohibitive.
? Plentiful supply of low cost labour.

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