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When 20g of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen was burnt in the air, 29.3g of carbon{IV} oxide and 11.7g of water were produced. Determine its empirical formulae.
{C=12, H=1 , O=16}
Date posted:
October 14, 2019
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(a) A group of students burnt a piece of Mg ribbon in air and its ash collected in a Petri dish.
The ash was found to comprise of magnesium Oxide and Magnesium nitride
(i) Write an equation for the reaction leading to formation of the magnesium nitride
(ii) A little water was added to the products in the Petri dish. State and explain the observation made.
(iii) A piece of blue litmus paper was dipped into the solution formed in (b) above.
State the observation made.
Date posted:
October 14, 2019
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In an experiment to investigate a certain property of sulphur, Maina added few drops of conc HNO3 to sulphur in a test tube and warmed the mixture.
[i]State one observation made.
[ii]Write a chemical equation of the reaction that occurred.
Date posted:
October 14, 2019
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The set-up below was used to investigate properties of the components of air:
(i) State two observations made during the experiment
(ii) Write two chemical equations for the reactions which occurred
(iii) The experiment was repeated using burning magnesium in place of phosphorous.
There was greater rise of water than in the first case. Explain this observation
(iv) After the two experiments, the water in each trough was tested using blue and red litmus
papers. State and explain the observations of each case.
(a) Phosphorous experiment
b) magnesium experiment
(v) Briefly explain how a sample of nitrogen gas can be isolated from air in the laboratory
Date posted:
October 14, 2019
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Draw a labelled set-up of apparatus for the laboratory preparation of oxygen using Sodium Peroxide
Date posted:
October 14, 2019
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The table shows the colours obtained when some indicators are added to solutions:-
(a) Complete the table by filling in the missing colours
(b) Identify indicator W
Date posted:
October 14, 2019
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In an experiment, ammonia gas was prepared by heating ammonium salt with an alkali.
After drying, ammonia gas was collected at room temperature and pressure.
(a) What is meant by the term alkali?
(b) Explain using physical properties of the gas why ammonia is not collected by downward delivery
Date posted:
October 14, 2019
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The following data gives the pH values of some solutions
(a) What colour change would occur in solution P on addition of two drops of phenolphthalein indicator?
(b) State the pH value of a resulting solution when equal moles of solution P and R react
Date posted:
October 14, 2019
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Explain why very little Carbon (IV) oxide gas is evolved when dilute sulphuric (VI) acid is added to lead (II) carbonate
Date posted:
October 14, 2019
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Mzizi ni nini? Toa mfano.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Changanua sentensi ifuatayo kwa kutumia jedwali.
Kiongozi aliyeng’olewa mamlakani amekufa.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Andika kwa udogo.
Chaka la Simba halilali paka.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Yakinisha sentensi ifuatayo.
Wanafunzi wasipopita mtihani huo mwalimu hatalaumiwa.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Weka shadda katika neno ‘nta’.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Andika neno ‘kuja’ katika hali ya kuamuru.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Andika kinyume cha sentensi hii.
Mama alianika nguo zilizofuliwa na Kitwana.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Andika sifa bainifu za /d/ na /f/.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Soma taarifa ifuatayo kisha ujibu maswali
Ponografia ni tendo, maandishi, picha au mchoro unaoonyesha au kueleza uchi wa mtu au vitendo vya ngono kwa ajili ya kuchochea ashiki ya kuifanya. Mambo haya machafu huwasilishwa ana kwa ana kupitia sinema, video, magazeti, vitabu, muziki, televisheni. DVD, n.k.
Ponorafia imekuwepo tangu jadi, hasa katika nchi za magharibi. Lakini sasa limekuwa tatizo sugu. Hii ni kwa sababu imeenea ulimwenguni kote mithili ya moto katika mbuga wakati wa kiangazi. Uenezi umechangiwa na mambo kadha wa kadha. Mchango mkubwa zaidi umetokana na kuimarika kwa vyombo vya teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano. Matumizi ya tarakilishi, mdahilishi na viungambali vya picha yamesambaza ponografia ilivyoanza. Hata hivyo, hubuniwa au kutengenezwa na makundi mbali mbali ya watu. Miongoni mwa hawa ni watu wasiojali maadili. Pili, kuna wale wenye matatizo ya kisaikolojia na kijamii. Wao hutengeneza na kueneza uchafu huu kwa lengo la ama kuvuruga maadili katika jamii au kuchukiza wanajamii waadilifu. Kundi lingine ni lile la wanaoichukulia ponografia kama nyenzo ya kutosheleza ashiki zao. Hivi sasa, kundi kubwa ni lile la wanotumia matusi haya kama njia ya kuchuma. Kwa mfano, wanamziki ambao hutumia ponografia kuvutia wateja na hivyo kuzidisha mauzo yao.
Kushamiri kwa wimbi na uonyeshaji ponografia kuna athari kubwa kwa jamii na hasa watoto. Ingawa watu wengine hudai picha hizi haziwaathiri, upo ushahidi kuonyesha kuwa wanaotazama picha za ngono hupata matatizo. Lazima ieleweke kuwa kinachoonekana na jicho au kusikika kwa sikio huathiri fikira au hisia. Picha za matusi zinachangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kuharibu akili. Badala ya kuzingatia mambo muhimu kama masomo watu huanza kutafakari mambo machafu.
Vijana wengi ni kama bendera. Hivyo basi huanza kuiga wanayoyaona na kusikia. Hili ni tatizo linalowafanya kuacha mkondo wa maadili. Kutokana na uchafu huu, watu wengi hushawishiwa kuingilia shughuli za ngono mapema kabla hawajakomaa kimwili, kiakili na kihisia. Matokeo yake ni mengi. Haya ni pamoja na ukahaba, utendaji mbaya shuleni, mahudhurio mabaya darasani na mimba zisizotarajiwa. Vijana wengi huacha shule kabisa. Wengine nao huambukizwa magonjwa ya zinaa ambayo huwaletea mauti.
Inasemekana kuwa akili za binadamu hunata zaidi mambo yanayowasilishwa kwa picha. Si ajabu vijana huyadumisha matusi haya katika kumbukumbu zao na kuyasanya sehemu ya maisha yao. Wengi huanza kuandama tabia mbovu kama ushoga, ubasha na usagaji. Kuna wale ambao huanza kujichua. Kujichua ni hali ya mwanamke au mwanaume kumaliza haja za kimaumbile bila kufanya mapenzi na mtu mwingine. Ponografia imechangia pakubwa kuenea kwa haya.
Jambo hili limegeuza mielekeo ya vijana. Wanaiga mitindo mibaya ya mavazi yanayoanika uchi wao. Hali kadhalika, huiga lugha, ishara na miondoko inayohusiana na ngono. Yote haya yanapingana na desturi za Mwafrika. Si ajabu visa vya ubakaji vinaongezeka kila kukuchapo.
Utazamaji wa picha chafu aghalabu huandamana na maovu mengine kama unywaji pombe, matumizi ya dawa za kulevya, uvutaji sigara na utumiaji wa dawa za kuchochea uchu wa ngono. Mambo haya huwapa vijana kutazama tabia za unyama.
Jambo hatari ni kuwa kuendelea kutazama picha hizi huzifanya nishai na hisia za watu kuwa butu, yaani huondoa makali. Hata katika utu uzima, mtu atapoteza mhemko wa kawaida na kugeuzwa kuwa mtegemezi wa ponografia. Tatizo hili linaenea kwa vishindo mijini na vijijini. Ipo haja ya dharura kuikinga jamii kutokana na maenezi haya yasio na kizuizi.
Jambo la kwanza ni kuongeza ufahamu wa umma wote kuhusu uovu wa picha hizi. Kwa namna hii itawezekana kupunguza mahitaji na uuzaji wa ponografia. Tatizo hili linaenea kwa vishindo mijini na vijijini. Ipo haja ya dharura kuikinga jamii kutokana na maenezi haya yasiyo na kizuizi.
Tatizo la kuenea kwu ponografia limeendelea kuwepo kwa sababu ya udhaifu wa sheria. Kilichoko basi ni kuweka sheria za kuzuia utengenezaji wa upujufu huu. Kuambatana na haya, hatua kali zichukuliwe kwa wanaovunja sheria hizi. Hali kadhalika, ushirikiano wa karibu baina ya wadau uimarishwe katika ulimwengu mzima. Serikali na wanaohusika wakabiliwe ipasavyo. Jamii ingependa kuona michakato ya kuharamisha utengenezaji, usambazaji na utangazaji wa ponografia ikiwekwa.
Wazazi nao wasijipweteke tu bali nao wasaidie. Ni muhimu washikilie kwa sharti juhudi zao za kuwaelekeza na kuwashauri watoto kuzingatia uongofu na kukwepa picha hizi najisi. Watoto lazima waeleweshwe kuwa haifai kutazama picha au michoro michafu. Itikadi na imani za kidini na utamaduni wa Kiafrika unakataza vikali mtu kuona uchi wa mtu mwingine. Matokeo ya kuasi makatazo haya yana madhara makubwa kwa watu na jamii.
Maswali
a)Fupisha ujumbe wa aya ya pili na ya tatu kwa maneno 20 – 25
Matayarisho
Nakala safi
b)Kwa kutumia maneno 55 – 60, eleza mambo muhimu yanayojitokeza katika aya ya nne hadi ya tisa
kuhusu athari za ponografia .
Matayarisho
Nakala safi
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Soma taarifa ifuatayo kisha ujibu maswali yanayofuata.
Kwa kipindi cha miezi kadha iliyopita tumeshuhudia vyombo vya dola vikitia makali yake kwenye upekuzi na hata kupiga doria usiku na mchana katika jitihada za kulinda nchi.
Mpango huu ni kweli umeonekana kufanya kazi hivi kwamba hata magaidi wenyewe wameshindwa kupenya katika miji na sasa kuhiari kijinga kushambulia magari ya abiria, kitendo ambacho ni cha kuonyesha uwoga. Kwa hatua hiyo, navipa vyombo vya dola kongole. Jambo ambalo lafaa kujulikana ni kwamba mikakati ya kulinda nchi haifai kuwa ni ya wakati mmoja tu, mbali inafaa kuwa ni zoezi la kila siku.
Magaidi nao huwa macho huku yakijua bayana kwamba wakati wa kulala kwa walinzi unapokuwepo, basi wanapata nafasi ya kututupia ‘viazi’ ukipenda grunedi.
Kama ilivyo kawaida katika mataifa mengi barani Afrika, ni bayana kwamba bado kungali na mianya mingi ambayo magaidi wa kimataifa huendelea kutumia. Dosari bado zipo. Kwa mfano, mipaka mingi ya nchi hizi huwa kama lango kuu la ugaidi wa kimataifa, kwani kuenea kwa saratani ya ufisadi halimo tu maofisini mbali pia kwenye mipaka yetu.
Kama kupata kitambulisho, pasipoti na stakabadhi zingine za kusafiri nchini Kenya ashakum si matusi ziligeuzwa ‘maandazi’ ya Kariakoo basi niambie ni nani hawezi kuingia na kutoka nchini bila usumbufu wowote ule bora tu anayehitaji ana hela mkononi? Kwa kuikubali hongo kuwa ufunguo wa kila kitu, Wakenya wenzangu hapo naona ni kama tumejiweka kwenye kikaango kilicho juu ya moto mkali. Hapa hakuna aliye na bahati, tajiri kwa masikini wamo kwenye mtego huu hatari.
Kwa mtindo ambao tunafuata wa kutoa ajira katika idara mbalimbali za ulinzi, inabidi serikali iwe na uangalifu sana hasa kwenye suala nzima la kuhakikisha stakabadhi wanazohitaji si ghushi.
Pasina kufanya hivyo hapo tena tunaweza kuwapata maadui wanaopenya na kujifanya walinzi wetu kumbe ni majasusi wa magaidi. Kila Mkenya anafaa kujihisi kulindwa. Miji, vijiji na hata vitongoji vinafaa kuwa na usalama wa kutosha, kwani kila Mkenya ni mlipa ushuru na hatufai kuona labda tabaka la juu likipendelewa huku mitaa ya mabanda ikiachiwa mbwa koko kama walinzi wao.
Suala lingine muhimu ni kuangaziwa upya usalama kwenye magari ya usafiri.
Juzi tulishuhudia mabasi mawili yakilipuliwa kwenye barabara ya Thika huku tukijua fika kwamba, mpango wa walinda nchi ungalipo.
La kusikitisha ni kuona kwamba, madereva na utingo wao walikamatwa na kufunguliwa mashtaka kwa kutozuia shambulizo hilo. Je, hii ni sheria gani? Dereva ataendesha gari au atachukua jukumu la walinda usalama?
Waswahili walinena kwamba ukubwa ni jaa na kwa hivyo Rais wa taifa ndiye anayefaa kubeba mzigo mzima wa usalama wetu bila kubananga wasaa. Wengine ambao wanafaa kuwajibika ni wakuu wote wa idara mbalimbali za usalama.
Usalama wako na wangu ni muhimu, elewa bayana kwamba bila usalama watalii hawawezi kuja kututembelea. Bila ya usalama maendeleo ya taifa kamwe hayawezi kupatikana, ndiposa kila jitihada sharti zifanywe ili wote waweze kuendelea kuyafurahia matunda ya uhuru wetu.
Ada ya mja kunena muungwana ni vitendo, hatufai tu kuimba wimbo wa ‘linda nchi’ ilhali mabasi barabarani hayana usalama. Hebu na tuuone ulinzi endelevu na hapo tutawakomoa magaidi kwa yakini.
Maswali
1.Ipe taarifa hii anwani mwafaka.
2.Kwa nini magaidi wanashambulia magari ya abiria?
3.Kulingana na taarifa pamoja na maoni yako, eleza njia tatu ambazo zinatumiwa na magaidi ili kufanikisha utekelezaji wa unyama wao.
4.Ni njia gani ambazo magaidi hutumia kuingia katika nchi wanapoazimia kutekeleza uhalifu?
5.Kwa nini suala la usalama kwenye magari ya usafiri muhimu?
6.Ni njia zipi zinazoweza kutumiwa kupunguza mashambulizi ya kigaidi kulingana na mwandishi?
7.Eleza athari za utovu wa usalama.
8.Eleza neno au mafungu ya maneno kama yalivyotumiwa katika kifungu.
a)Vyombo vya dola
b)Jaa
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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The velocity, v m/s of a particle after t seconds is given by v = t2 – 2t + 4.
a)i) Using the mid- coordinate rule with six strips, estimate the distance covered by the particle between t = 1 and t =13 seconds.
ii) Find the exact distance the particle covered between t =1 and t = 13 seconds.
b)Calculate the percentage error arising from the estimate in (a) above.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Point R divides line PQ externally in the ratio 4:3. The position vectors of P and Q are 2i + j – 3k and i – 2j + k respectively. Find the position vector, of R.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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The probability of a team losing a game is 1/5. The team plays the game until it wins. Find the probability that the team wins in the fourth round.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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The figure below represents a hollow cylinder. The internal and external radii are estimated to be 6cm and 8cm respectively, to the nearest whole number. The height of the cylinder is exactly 14cm.
a)Determine the exact values for the internal and external radii which will give maximum volume of the material.
b)Calculate the maximum possible volume of the material
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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The current price of a vehicle is ksh. 500,000. The value of the vehicle depreciates at a rate of 15% p.a for the first two years and at 20% p.a thereafter. Find the number of years it will take for its value to reduce to ksh. 147,968.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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The figure below shows a triangular prism ABCDEF
a)Draw the net of the prism
b)A fly walks from A to D along the diagonals of rectangular faces:
i)On your net show the locus of the fly.
ii)Measure the distance covered by the fly, one way.
iii)The fly takes 15 seconds to reach D one way. Calculate its’ speed in, km/h.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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A bus left Mombasa at 7.45 am towards Nairobi at an average speed of 60km/h. A saloon car left Mombasa at 9.15 am on the same day along the same road at an average of 120km/h. the distance between Mombasa and Nairobi is 360km.
a)Determine the time of day when the salon car overtook the bus.
b)Both vehicles contained towards Nairobi at their original speed. How long had the saloon car waited in Nairobi before the bus arrived.
Date posted:
October 12, 2019
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Water and alcohol are mixed in the ratio 1:4. If the density of water and alcohol are 1g/cm3 and 0.8g/cm3 respectively. Find the density of the mixture.
Date posted:
October 11, 2019
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Below are the pH values of 4 types of medicine represented by letters P, Q, R and S
a) It is not advisable to use S when a patient has indigestion .Explain
b) What is the role of chemistry in drug manufacture
Date posted:
October 11, 2019
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During the electrolysis of dilute copper {II} chloride using carbon electrodes, a current of 1.5A was passed through the solution for 2 hours and 30 minutes.
[a] Write the ionic equation of the reaction that occurred at the cathode.
b] Given R.A.M of copper = 64 and 1F = 96500C, calculate the change in mass of the cathode.
Date posted:
October 11, 2019
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At 600C, 38 grams of lead{II} nitrate saturate 56cm3 of water. Determine the solubility of lead {II} nitrate at this temperature.
Date posted:
October 11, 2019