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Explain any two factors that should be considered during output design.
Date posted:
September 30, 2019
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Identify three advantages of using modular programming in system development.
Date posted:
September 30, 2019
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Nakuru car rental firm leases its cars for Ksh 5000.00 per day. The managers give a discount based on the number of days that the car is rented. If the rental period is greater than 12 days then a 20% discount is given.
(i) Write a pseudo-code to accept a car number and the rental period, and calculate the total amount earned by the company when a car is leased.
(ii) Use a flowchart to represent the above pseudo-code.
Date posted:
September 30, 2019
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Eleza matatizo yanayomkabili mtu anapoitumia lugha yoyote isipokuwa ile ya kwanza.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Fafanua mambo matano yanaosababisha kutokea kwa lahaja.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Andika kwa wingi.
Mimi ndimi shangazi yake.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Fafanua matumizi ya po, ki na kwa katika sentensi ifuatayo.
Walipokuwa wakilima waliimba kwa furaha.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Andika katika hali ya udogo:
Mvulana yule alibeba kiti kikubwa
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Taja sauti zinazotamkiwa kwenye ufizi.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Onyesha vishazi tegemezi na vishazi huru katika sentensi ifuatayo.
Nilimwona Agwambo nilipofika Mombasa
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Eleza maana mbili katika sentensi hii.
Majambazi walimwibia Letangule gari jipya.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Tunga sentensi ukitumia viunganishi hivi vya kinyume Ingawaje, ila
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Tunga sentensi moja ili kudhihirisha matumizi ya viwakifishi hivi:
i)Semi koloni
ii)Mshazari
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Vinyambue vitenzi vifuatavyo kulingana na maagizo.
(i) Ja ................. (tendwa)
(ii) La .................(tendesha)
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Pambanua sentensi ifuatayo kwa kutumia kielezo cha mchoro matawi.
Mwanafunzi mwenye juhudi amefuzu mtihani.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Fafanua kwa kutungia sentensi matumizi mawili ya neno beberu.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Kanusha katika wingi.
Alikuarifu kuhusu yule hajala.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Andika.katika usemi halisi
Wanzare alimwambia shangazi yake kuwa angekuwa akienda kumtembelea kwake kila mwezi.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Unganisha sentensi hizi kwa kutumia kirejeshi cha kati.
(i) Kalamu imeibwa
(ii) Kalamu ni yangu
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Tambulisha ina za nomino katika sentensi ifuatayo.
Umma katika Jamhuri yetu unataka haki ya kila mja itekelezwe.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Unda nomino mbili kutokana na kitenzi arifu.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Ainisha viambishi katika neno lifuatalo: aliyelima
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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UFAHAMU
Soma makala yafuatayo kisha ujibu maswali :-
Utandawazi
Kufikia miongo michache iliyopita, ujumbe ulisafirishwa kwa njia zilizochukua muda mrefu sana kufika. Kwa mfano, mtu alipotaka kupiga simu katika nchi jirani barani Afrika, ilimbidi kupitia kwa
opareta katika nchi za Ulaya ndipo aunganishwe. Kupigia simu kutoka Gambia kwenda Senegali
ilibidi kutumia opareta wa Kule London na wa Paris, Ufaransa, na wa Senegal.
Leo hii kuna njia nyingi za mawasiliano zilizo bora, za kutegemewa na zinazofikisha ujumbe kwa
kasi sana. Ujumbe ambao ungechukua muda mrefu kuufikisha, sasa unapelekwa kwa sekunde moja.
Miongoni mwa njia hizi ni mdahilishi, simu tamba na tuama, faksi, setelaiti, mitandao ya wavuti, n.k.
Hamna eneo sasa hivi hata liwe mbali vipi lisilofikika na aina hizi za mawasiliano.
Maendeleo haya ya mawasiliano yamechangia pakubwa sana kuufanya ulimwengu kuwa kijiji
kimoja. Sasa kuna uhusiano wa karibu sana miongoni mwa mataifa duniani katika Nyanja zote za
maisha. Hall hii ndiyo inayoitwa utandawazi au utandaridhi. Utandawazi umeleta mabadiliko mengi
maishani.
Mojawapo ni utoaji na uzalishaji wa mali. Mabadiliko ya mawasiliano yameruhusu mashirika ya
kimataifa kusambaza utoaji na uzalishaji wa bidhaa zao katika maeneo mbalimbali duniani. Hali hii
imepunguza gharama za usafirishaji sana. Bidhaa zinazoundwa na kiwanda chenye hakimiliki
kilichoko kule New York masafa ya mbali, zinaweza kuzalishwa na kiwanda kilicho hapa Nairobi.
Bila shaka umesikia kuhusu madawa ya kurefusha maisha ya wahasiriwa wa UKIMWI ambayo
yanazalishwa na baadhi ya viwanda vya kutengeneza madawa humu nchini. Kiwanda chenye
hakimiliki kipo jijini London.
Viwanda ambavyo vilikuwa katika mataifa tajiri kama vile Uingereza, Ufaransa, Marekani, Ujerumani na Japani sasa vimeweza kutandaza vitandabui vyake kote duniani. Utandazaji huu
hufanywa kwa njia kadhaa. Kwanza, viwanda hivi huvinunua viwanda vilivyoko katika mataifa
yanayostawi. Vinaweza kuingia katika ubia na viwanda vya mataifa wanakotaka kuhamia.
Viwanda hivi vya mataifa yanayoendelea hupatana kuwa watasimamia utoaji na uzalishaji wa bidhaa
fulani na kukubaliana namna ya kugawa mapato.
Utandawazi katika sekta ya uzalishaji na utoaji bidhaa umeleta manufaa kadhaa katika nchi zinazoendelea. Mojawapo ya haya ni kupatikana kwa nafasi za kazi. Pili, bidhaa za nchi zinazoendelea ambazo hazingeshindana na zile za mataifa yalioendelea sasa zimepata nafasi ya kushindana. Halikadhalika, wateja wana nafasi ya kupata bidhaa watakayo bila kuvunjwa moyo.
Iwapo bidhaa anazohitaji mteja hazipatikani katika nchi, zinaweza kuagizwa moja kwa moja kutoka
kwa kiwanda kingine chenye uhusiano nacho. Uagizaji hauchukui muda kutokana na hali ya
mawasiliano inayoweza kutegemewa na inayofikisha ujumbe bila kupoteza wakati. Fauka ya haya,
wateja hupata uwanja mpana wa kuchagua wanachokihitaji.
Utandawazi umehimiza kustawi kwa mazingira ya mashindano katika utoaji na uzalishaji mali
viwandani. Sasa hivi hakuna nchi yenye uwezo Wa kufungia bidhaa za nchi nyingine katika mipaka
yake. Kufanya hivi ni kujitia kitanzi kiuchumi. Lazima nchi zifüngue masoko yao. Navyo viwanda
vya kimataifa huweza kuwania masoko haya. Matokeo yake ni wateja kufaidika kwa kupata uwanja
mpana wa bidhaa za kuchagua. Wateja pia hupata bidhaa za hali ya juu na kwa bei isiyo ghali
kutokana na mashindano haya. Mashindano ya kimataifa ni kama ya paka na panya na kiwanda
kisichojifunga nira vizuri, huwa kinajihatarisha. Kinaweza kujipata kimetupwa nje ya soko na
kuangamia.Manufaa mengine ya utandawazi ni kuwa watu sasa hivi wanaweza kuwasiliana kwa
urahisi na wepesi. Kwa kutumia simu, au mdahilishi, mtu anaweza kuwasiliana na mwenzake popote
alipo licha ya masafa. Zaidi ya haya, utandawazi umewawezesha watu kutoka asili mbalimbali
kuingiliana na kutangamana. Utangamano huu umeweza kuleta umoja baina ya watu kwa kutoa hisia za ubaguzi.
Hata hivyo utandawazi umetokeza kuwa na madhara. Kwanza, uchumi wa nchi nyingi umeibukia
kutawaliwa na matukio ambayo hayazihusu nchi hizo moja kwa moja. Uvamizi wa kijambazi wa
Septemba 11,2000 kule Marekani uliathiri uchumi wa nchi nyingi sana. Matukio ya vita katika
Mashariki ya kati nayo yamechangia kuzorotesha uchumi wa nchi nyingi hasa zile maskini ambzo zinategemea mafuta kutoka huko ilhali vita hivyo haviwahusu sikio wala ndewe.
Athari kubwa ya utandawazi yaonekana katika sekta ya kijamii. Tamaduni nyingi za jamii katika nchi maskini zinaendelea kuvurugwa na maadili kuporomoka kutokana na ustawi wa kimawasiliano.
Vijana wanaiga kutoka mataifa ya kimagharibi bila kuchuja. Si ajabu kuwa vijana wetu wanavaa
mavazi yasiyositiri uchi wao vizuri na yasiyostahiki kwa jina la ustaarabu. Wavulana nao huzidisha
kwa kutoga masikio na kusuka nywele usiweze kuwatofautisha na dada zao.
Maswali
(a) Utandawazi ni nini?
(b) Ni mambo yapi yanayosababisha kutokea kwa utandawazi?
(c) Mashirika ya mataifa yaliyostawi yanatumia mikakati ipi kutandaza vitandabui vyao kote
duniani?
(d) Fafanua:
(i) Manufaa matatu ya utandawazi.
(ii) Hasara tatu za utandawazi.
(e) Eleza maneno yafuatayo kama yalivyotumiwa katika taarifa.
(i) Ubia
(ii) Mashindano ya paka na panya.
(iii) Kutoga
(iv) Vitandabui
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Explain the difference in meaning between the following sentences
1.Has the donkey eaten Mary?
2.Has the donkey eaten, Mary?
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions after each without changing the meaning
1.Have you read the newspaper? (Rewrite in Past Tense)
2.He was obviously angry with you (Begin: His....)
3.The chief was looking for his goose. (Rewrite the sentence into plural)
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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ORAL LITERATURE
Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow.
DEATH IS A WITCH
SOLO : Ah, what shall I do, Abaluhya?
It’s wrong
CHORUS : Today I will say
Death is a witch, my people
It snatched my child
I will remain alone
SOLO : Ah what shall I really do, Abaluhya
It’s very wrong.
CHORUS : Today I will say
Death is a witch, my people
It snatched my friend
I will dance alone.
SOLO: My child, my friend, I cry
What shall I do? I cry
What shall I do? I cry x2
QUESTIONS
1.Classify the above oral poem giving reasons
2.Who is the persona?
3.What is the singer’s attitude towards death?
4.Identify and illustrate THREE stylistic devices in this poem.
5.Identify one character trait of death brought out in this poem.
6.With illustrations, identify social activities of the community from which this song is drawn
7.Explain the meaning of the following lines as used in the poem
i. It snatched my child.
ii. I will dance alone.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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THE RIVER AND THE SOURCE— MARGARET OGOLA
Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow
“Great Were, please spare my son. Protect him. Remember all the sacrifices I have offered you on
his behalf and be merciful.” She prayed fervently to herself fearing to raise her voice in case the very
air grabbed her words and made her fears a terrible reality.
The chief sat in his hut for a while in deep thought for he was not one to act rashly. Then he called
his herdsmen and briefly gave him some instructions.
The herdsman came running back within an hour.
“My chief! My chief! They are both gone. They left last night before the first cockcrow. And, and
...,“ here he stammered and then stopped.
“And what you fool! Tell me!” The chief, a man never known to raise his voice almost screamed at
the hapless herdsman.
“Yes my chief! Their families said that they heard them talking to a third man just before they left,
but they did not see him because it was very dark.”
Akoko fell down in a deep faint. Nyabera ran to her mother screaming and held her head. The chief
started barking orders to a group of people who had now gathered to find out the cause of the
commotion.
“Get the scouts, except those on watch. Tell them to prepare two search parties - one to take the route
of Gem and the other to follow the route of Asembo. Maybe we can intercept them before they reach
very far.”
Questions
1. Place this extract in its immediate context.
2. What is it the speaker fears might turn into a terrible reality?
3.“My chief! My chief! They are both gone. They left last night.
Who are said to have left in the night?
4.Give two character traits of the chief as portrayed in this extract.
5.Briefly describe any one theme evident in this extract
6.Briefly explain one other incident from any other part of the text in which there is commotion at the compound of the same chief
7. The herdsman came running back within an hour. (Rewrite beginning: Within…….. )
8.Identify and illustrate any three aspects of style used in this extract.
9.Explain the meaning of each of the following expressions as used in the extract
i. Hapless
ii. Barkinorders
iii. Those on watch
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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THE CAUCASIAN CHALK CIRCLE — BERTOLT BRECHT
Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow.
SIMON (shouting after her); I didn’t bring any friend along!
As the SINGER resumes his tale, the SOLDIER steps into the doorway as though to listen to the service.
SINGER:
The city is still
But why are there armed men?
The governor’s palace is at peace
But why is it a fortress?
And the Governor returned to his palace
And the fortress was a trap
And the goose was plucked and roasted
But the goose was not eaten this time
And noon was no longer the hour to eat:
Noon was the hour to die.
From the doorway at the left the FAT PRINCE quick appears, stands still, looks around. Before the gateway at the right two IRONSHIRTS are squatting and playing dice. The FAT PRINCE sees them, walks slowly past, making a sign to them. They rise: one goes through the gateway, the other goes off at the right. Muffled voices are heard from various directions in the rear: ‘To your posts I’ The palace is surrounded. The FAT PRINCE quickly goes off Church bells in the distance. Enter, through the doorway, the governor’s family and procession, returning from church.
GOVERNOR’S WIFE (passing the ADJUTANT): It’s impossible to live in such a slum. But Georgi, of course, will only build for his little Michael. Never for me! Michael is all! All for Michael!
The procession turns into the gateway. Again the ADJUTANT lingers behind. He waits. Enter the wounded RIDER from the doorway. Two IRONSHIRTS of the Palace Guard have taken up positions by the gateway.
ADJUTANT (To the RIDER): The Governor does not wish to receive military news before dinner — especially if it’s depressing, as I assume. In the afternoon His Excellency will confer with prominent architects. They are coming to dinner too. And here they are! (Enter three gentlemen through the doorway) Go to the kitchen and eat, my friend. (As the RIDER goes, the ADJUTANT greets the ARCHITECTS.) Gentlemen, his Excellency expects you at dinner. He will devote all his
time to you and our great new plans. Come!
ONE OF THE ARCHITECTS: We marvel that His Excellency intends to build. There are disquieting rumors that the war in Persia has taken a turn for the worse.
ADJUTANT: All the more reason to build! There’s nothing to those rumors anyway. Persia is a long way off, and the garrison here would let itself be hacked to bits for its Governor. (Noise from the palace. The shrill scream of a woman. Someone is shouting orders. Dumbfounded the ADJUTANT moves toward the gateway. An IRONSHIRT steps out, points his lance at him.) What’s this? Put down that lance, you dog.
Questions
1. What happens just before this extract?
2. What is the importance of the song used in this extract?
3.Identify and explain any two character traits of the Governor’s wife in this extract.
4. What ‘Military news’ do you think the rider is carrying? Illustrate your answer.
5. What is ironical about the Adjutant’s assertion? “The garrison here would let itself be hacked to bits for its Governor.”
6. What does the Governor intend to build?
7.Explain the meaning of the following:
i. Fortress
ii. Dumbfounded
8.Go to the kitchen and eat, my friend. (Add a question tag)
9. Highlight the effects of war as brought out in the prologue.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
It has been noted that Kenya is experiencing ‘phenomenal’ growth in population and that this will
put a strain on the economy. The general feeling amongst those who see a large population as a
problem is that we should put family planning issues back on the national agenda. But does Kenya
really have a population problem? I do not think so. There is nothing as good as a large population of
people within a nation that values human resources and is ready to put them to productive use.
Countries that are now registering tremendous economic growth, such as China, India and Brazil, are
characterized by, among other things, large populations. A country’s economic growth is determined
much more by the choices it makes in the utilization of its resources rather than by the rate of its population growth.
We can roughly classify countries into three broad categories on the basis of their development and
the utilization of their human resources. The first category is that of countries that value, develop and
utilize their human resources for economic growth. These countries include China and the countries
we now refer to as the Asian Tigers, such as Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. These
countries have strategically utilized their immense human resources for exemplary economic growth.
Singapore, for example, is the second most densely populated country in the world after Monaco, yet
it has put all its people to work.
The second category is that of countries that suffer from lack of human resources because of a
dwindling population. These countries include Norway, Holland, Russia and Austria. They are
overburdened with an aging population and are unable to excite their people to multiply. Having
realized the negative impact of this low population on their economies, these countries are now
encouraging their people to get more children by giving lucrative incentives to couples. They have
also begun importing manpower.
The third category is that of countries that do not seem to have a progressive policy on the utilization
of their human resources. Instead, it appears as if they consider this particular resource an enemy.
They are afraid that a large population will impact negatively on their economies. They, therefore,
make programs to reduce population a priority. As a result, these countries operate on the fringes of
the world economy, unable to utilize the resources bequeathed to them by nature. Unfortunately,
many developing countries, including Kenya, fall into this category.
The land mass we call Kenya is capable of supporting well over 200 million people, compared to its
current population of about 40 million people. In size, it is 582,367 square kilometers, much bigger
many industrialized nations. It is, for example, far bigger than Israel, which is only 20,072 square
kilometers, yet it supports population of about 7 million people. By world standards, therefore,
Kenya is a sparsely populated country. We fight over land in an area hardly a third of the country,
where we practice subsistence agriculture and are always at the mercy of the vagaries of nature, yet our contribution to the world economy is marginal.
We have to confront the real problems we face as a country and not find a scapegoat in population
growth. Our inability to plan for our people and put resources to proper use in order to industrialize
is our biggest undoing. Much of Israel, for example, is actually a reclaimed desert. Kenya, with some
little creativity, can reclaim all the arid and semi-arid lands, and support a larger population. In short,
we need to rethink our strategies. Other resources that Kenya needs to harness are water and the
long hours of sunshine. Flood waters kill our people during rainy seasons as we helplessly watch,
instead of using technology to harvest the water and use it to irrigate the arid lands. The sun shines
on our heads every day, yet we cannot tap its rays to light up our homes at night or power our
vehicles.
The argument that that population growth is cancelling out economic growth is flawed. There is little
evidence to support the view that small families are the richest. Simply put, we cannot convince the
poor that the only way of getting out of poverty is through getting fewer babies. We should direct
our energies more at creating wealth rather than pushing the futile agenda of population control to the national limelight.
Questions
1.Give two examples of countries with large populations which are registering huge economic growth.
2. Make notes on the classification of countries based on their development and use of human resources.
3. What is the writer’s attitude towards his or her country? Explain your answer.
4. List resources Kenya should use properly in order to industrialize
5. Why do you think the writer compares Kenya to Israel?
6. Identify a figurative expression used in the second paragraph of the passage.
7.What is the tone of the writer with regard to the Asian Tigers?
8. What can cause a country to be overburdened by an ageing population?
9.Rewrite the following sentence, starting with ‘Instead of...’
We should direct our energies more at creating wealth rather than pushing the futile agenda of population control to the national limelight.
10.Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage.
i. Dwindling
ii. Bequeathed
iii. Harness
iv. Flawed
Date posted:
September 28, 2019
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Read the passage below and fill in the blank spaces given.
Everyone who participates in a discussion must also be an active listener. This means (1)....................
if you don’t have to be (2).................................You need to examine ideas as (3)...............................
are presented and figure out whether you (4)..................................................them. Then, when it’s
your turn to (5)........................................... you can make a meaningful comment.
As you listen to what other say, try to be (6) .....................................Free yourself from preconceived
ideas. Don’t be like the person who says “My mind is made (7)............................................. don’t
confuse me with facts.” This sort of a person comes to a discussion too (8)......................................
To accept any (9).......................................Different from their own. If left unchallenged, such a
person an (10).......................................................... the whole discussion.
Date posted:
September 28, 2019