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Fiction originally meant anything made up or shaped. As we understand the world now, it refers to
prose stories, short or long-a meaning it has retained its first recorded use in this sense.
Fiction is distinguished from the works it imitates such as historical accounts, reports,biographies,
autobiographies , letters, personal memoirs and meditations. While fiction often resembles these
forms, it has a separate identity because it originates not in historical facts but in the imaginative and creative of powers the author. Writers of fiction may include historically accurate details, but their primary goal is to tell a story and say something significant about life.
The essence of fiction, as opposed to drama, is narration, the recounting or telling of a sequence of
events or actions. The earliest works of fiction relied almost exclusively on narration , with speeches
or dialogue being reported rather or quoted directly. Much recent fiction includes extended passages of dialogue, thereby becoming more dramatic even though narration is still the primary mode.
Fiction is rooted in ancient legends and myths. Local priests narrated stories about their gods and
heroes, as shown in some of the narratives of ancient Egypt. In the course of history, travelling story
tellers would appear in a court or village to entertain listeners with tales of adventure in faraway
countries.Although many of these were fictionalized accounts of events and people who may not
even have existed, they were largely accepted as fact or history. An especially long tale, an epic, was
recited over a period of days. To aid their memories and to impress and entertain their listeners, the
storytellers chanted their tales in poetry often accompanying themselves on a stringled instrument.
Indeed, fiction is strong because it is so real and personal. Most characters have both first and last
names; the countries and cities in which they live are modeled on real places; and their actions and
interactions are like those which readers themselves have experienced, could experience, or could
easily imagine themselves experiencing.
Along with attention to character, fiction is concerned with the place of individuals in their
environments. In the simplest sense, environment is a backdrop or setting within which characters
speak, move and act. But more broadly, environment comprises the social, economic, and political
conditions that affect the outcomes of people’s lives. Fiction is usually about the interaction among
people. Indeed, in typical work of fiction there are always many forces, both small and large , that
influence the ways in which characters meet and deal with their problems.
The first true works of fiction in Europe, however were less concerned with society or politics than
adventure. These were the lengthy Spanish and French romances of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries . In English the word novel was borrowed from French and Italian to describe these works and to distinguish them from medieval and classical romances as something that was new. Once great numbers of people could read for themselves, the paying audience for literature expanded. A writer could write a novel and receive money for it from a publisher, who could then profit from a wide sale.
Reading a novel could even be a social event , for people would reach to each other as a means of
sharing the experience. With this wider audience , authors could make a career out of writing. Fiction
had arrived as a major genre of literature.
(Adapted from Literature. An introduction of reading and writing .By Edger V Roberts and Henry
E Jacobs.Preictice Hall, Inc.)
(a) What is fiction as hinted out in the first paragraph?
(b) Why is fiction distinct from other forms of writings?
(c) Using information from the passage , what is the significance of environment to writing of fiction?
(d) In what ways had fiction writing become an economic activity?
(e) The first true works of fiction in Europe, however were less concerned with society or politics than adventure. (Rewrite adding a question tag)
(f) What is the writer’s attitude towards fiction? Give reasons from the passage to support your answer.
(g) Identify the methods the storyteller has used to make the story interesting and explain their effects.
(h) Fiction had arrived as a major genre of literature. What is the meaning of this statement?
(i) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage.
(a) Narration
(b) Backdrop
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Kwa kurejelea hadithi zozote tano katika Diwani Damu Nyeusi, jadili namna ambavyo wahusika wa kike wamesawiriwa.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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In what ways did king Josiah attempt to restore the worship of Yahweh in Israel during the days of Jeremiah?
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Mention five reasons why the prophetic messages were written.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Damu nyeusi na hadithi zingine
"Nimemwita bwana huyu aje huku juu kusudi mumwone."
a) Eleza muktadha wa dondoo hili.
b) Eleza sifa tatu za mzungumzaji.
c) Jadili maudhui ya ubaguzi namna yanavyojitokeza katika hadithi husika
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Tofautisha kwa mifano thabiti mbinu za litifati na tadmini kama zilivyotumika katika tamthilia ya kigogo.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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ukombozi wa jamii yoyote unahitaji uvumilivu kupiga moyo konde .Thibitisha kauli hii ukirejelea tamthilia ya kigogo
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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CHOZI LA HERI
Eleza jinsi mbinu ya majazi imetawala kazi ya kisanaa ya mwandishi wa chozi la heri.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Explain four factors that are frustrating the fight against drug abuse in Kenya today.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Soma shairi hili kasha ujibu maswali yanayofuata.
SABUNI YA ROHO
Ewe tunu ya mtima, kwa nini wanikimbia?
Ndiwe suluhu la zama, waja wa kukimbilia,
Waja wana kutazama, madeni wakalipia,
Ndiwe sabuni ya roho, ndiwe mvunja mlima.
Ndiwe mafuta ya roho, walisema wa zamani,
Utanunua majoho, majumba na nyumbani
Umezitakasa roho, umekuwa mhisani,
Ndiwe sabuni ya roho, ndiwe mvunja mlima.
Matajiri wakujua, wema wako wameonja,
Nguo zao umefua, wakupata kwa ujanja,
Sura zao mefufua,wanazuru kila Nyanja,
Ndiwe sabuni ya roho, ndiwe mvunja mlima.
Ndiwe mvunja mlima, onana na maskini,
Watazame mayatima, kwao kumekua wa duni,
Wabebe waliokwama, wainue waliochini,
Ndiwe sabuni ya roho, ndiwe mvunja mlima.
Ndiwe mvunja mlima, wapi kupata uwezo?
Umezua uhasama, waja kupata mizozo
Ndiwe chanzo cha zahama, umewaitia vikwamizo,
Ndiwe sabuni ya roho, ndiwe mvunja mlima.
Umevunja usuhuba, familia zazozana,
Walokuwama habuba, kila mara wagombana,
Roho zao umekaba, majumbani wa chinjana,
Ndiwe sabuni ya roho, ndiwe mvunja mlima.
Nakutafuta kwa hamu, sabuni unirehemu,
Sinilipue ja bomu, sije kawa marehemu,
Niondoe jehanamu, ya ufukara wa sumu,
Ndiwe sabuni ya roho, ndiwe mvunja mlima.
Naondoka wangu moyo, nikuitapo itika,
Fulusi wacha uchoyo, tatua yalonifika,
Nichekeshe kibogoyo, name nipate kuwika,
Ndiwe sabuni ya roho, ndiwe mvunja mlima
Maswali
a) Mshairi anaongea na nani katika shairi hili?
.
b) Taja majina mengine matatu aliyopewa huyu anayesemeshwa
c) Anayezungumziwa katika shairi hili anasababisha balaa gani?
d) Mshairi anatoa mwito gani kwa mwenziwe?
e) Fafanua maudhui ya ubeti wa sita.
f) Mbinu kadha za uandishi zimetumiwa na msanii kuwasilisha ujumbe wake. Taja mbinu zozote tatu na uzitolee mifano katika shairi.
g) Fafanua maana ya : sura zao ’mefufua, wanazuru kila nyanja’
h) Andika ubeti wa saba katika lugha nathari.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Riwaya ya Kidaa Kimemwozea.
"Hizi kurani zako ndizo zifanyazo nisije huku …"
a) Eleza muktadha wa maneno haya.
b) Eleza umuhimu wa mrejelewa katika dondoo hili kwenye riwaya.
c) Eleza maisha ya msemaji yalivyokuwa kwa mujibu wa Riwaya ya Kidaa Kimemwozea.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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How can Christians help in the fight against drug abuse?
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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"Kutowajibika kwa viongozi baada ya mkoloni kuondoka ni dhahiri." Jadili kauli hii kwa mujibu wa Riwaya ya Kidagaa Kimemwozea.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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State six instances, when the unity of believers becomes threatened in Kenya today.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Mstahiki Meya.
"Nashukuru sasa umeanza kuona mambo yanavyostahili kwenda."
a) Eleza muktadha wa dondoo hili.
b) Eleza sifa zozote nne za msemaji.
c) Fafanua maudhui ya ufisadi kama yalivyoangaziwa na mwandishi wa tamthilia ya Mstahiki Meya.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Soma shairi lifuatalo kisha ujibu maswali.
1) Hadhira e pulikeni, kisa changu mpaeni,
Mpateni mweleweni, mchekeni, mlieni,
Funzo lake mpateni, uamuzi mfanyeni,
Kisa hiki asilani, sisahau maishani.
2) Cha nne niliingiya, mtoto kafurahiya,
Malkia ungedhaniya, duniani meingiya,
Mapambo lijipambiya, kung‘ara kikang‘ariya,
Kisa change chatokeya, mwanzowe nafunguliya.
3) Darasani lizembea, bidii sikutilia,
Starehe nakwambia, nilipenda najutia,
Kimadaha litembea, tausi nilitulia,
Kisa kilinigonjea, mtume! Ningalijua.
4) Muhula kutamatika, dafu sikufua, kaka,
Enda, Ewe, Embe, fika, alama duni, viraka,
Nilipokea waraka, mzazi kahitajika,
Kisa kijatambulika, nakuomba makinika.
5) Muhula wa pili sasa, nikarudia makosa,
Sikupigeni msasa, makali nikayakosa,
Kisu sikunoa hasa, sikukata cha darasa,
Kisa ndicho hicho sasa, ninakupa pasi pesa.
6) Sasa muhula wa tatu, umetimia wanetu,
Mtihani kama chatu, nimeuogopa, mtu,
Sijausomea katu, ningalilindaje utu?
Kisa mkasa wa chatu, kilinipata wa kwetu.
7) Mbwa katu hafi maji, kiona ufuko, maji,
Tajaribu sife maji, hata akiyanywa maji,
Ilibidi twende jiji, kuwasaka wajuaji,
Kisa change mfumbaji, sasa dawa lihitaji.
8) Mpango ulitolewa, mchango ulipangiwa,
Pesa tele litolewa, na simu kununuliwa,
Mtandao liwekewa, ‗kunani‘ kupakuliwa,
Kisa cha simu kujuwa, linifanya kupagawa.
9) Tulikata dari ona, simu yetu kufichana,
Usiku tulikutana, maswali kurushiana,
Majibu tulipeana, "panga‘ kabadilishana,
Kisa kinajulikana, vile nilivyokazana.
10) Niliyangoja majibu, nikiwa na hamu, babu,
Nilikimya kama bubu, nisije toa aibu,
Nilivichoma vitabu, bila kuwa na sababu.
Kisa kawa masaibu, kashindwa kuyaharibu.
11) Kutangazwa matokeo, nakumbuka hadi leo,
Lilishangaza toleo, sikuamini redio,
Lipokea matokea, yalinitia kimbio,
Kisa change mchocheo, haya yangu mapokeo.
12) Nilifeli mtihani, sababu simu juweni,
Najuta nisameheni, nijilaumu moyoni,
Ningalijua mbeleni, ningalisoma jamani,
Kisa nimemalizeli, wenzangu mzindukeni.
13) Watahiniwa mlipo, msiwe mithili popo,
Skuli kwenu kuwepo, nia mpate malipo,
Bidii hapo mlipo, toa uzembe pasipo,
Kisa change kingalipo, simu daima siwepo!
MASWALI
a) Taja anwani mwafaka ya shairi hili.
b) Fafanua mbinu mbili za lugha zilizotumiwa katika shairi hili.
c) Bainisha nafsi lengwa katika shairi hili.
d) Changanua arudhi zilizotumiwa na mtunzi wa shairi hili.
e) Andika ubeti wa kumi katika lugha nathari.
f) Eleza maana ya maneno na vifungu vifuatavyo kwa mujibu wa shairi.
g) Eleza maana ya maneno na vifungu vifuatavyo kwa mujibu wa shairi.
(i) Sikukata cha darasa
(ii) Yalinitia kimbio
(iii) Kupagawa
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Highlight five Mijikenda clans.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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List down two items of trade from East Africa during the Indian Ocean trade.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Define the term Third world Country.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Define the term Mesopotamia.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Which was the first animal to be domesticated by man.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Give five reasons/ factors that led to migration of Bantu communities.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Soma makala yafuatayo kisha ujibu maswali.
Lugha inaweza kuelezwa kwa jumla kuwa ni mfumo wa mawasiliano.Haiyamkiniki kwa mtu yeyote kueleza chanzo au kiini cha lugha na sote tunakubalina kuwa matumizi yake yameanza tangu kuumbwa kwa binadamu kwani ni vigumu kukisia kuwepo kwa jamii ya watu bila lugha ya mawasiliano yoyote ile.
Katika taifa lolote,huwapo na lugha moja au hata zaidi ya moja ambayo huwa ndicho chombo zatika cha mawasiliano ya taifa katika nyanja za:elimu maandishi,siasa na biashara.Kwa mfano mataifa ya Kanada hutumia lugha mbili kwa usawa kama lugha za taifa na za kikazi.Maana ya lugha ya taifa ni lugha moja ambayo huteuliwa kutumika katika shughuli zote za taifa hasa katika nchi yenye lugha nyingi za kikabila.Lugha ya taifa ni muhimu sana kwa maisha na maendeleo ya taifa lolote lile.Lugha hii huwa ndiyo kiungo cha kueneza umoja na uelewano miongoni mwa jamii nyingi tofauti na huwa kama kitambulisho kwao kwa kuwa wao ni ndugu wa jamii moja kubwa,yaani taifa lao.
Kenya ni mfano mzuri wa taifa lenye lugha nyingi zinazozidi 40 za vikundi vidogo vidogo vya kikabila.Hapo kabla ya miaka mia moja hivi iliyopita kila kimojawapo cha vikundi hivi kilijitambulisha kama kabila huru.Baada ya kuja kwa serikali ya kikoloni na hasa baada ya Kenya kujinyakulia uhuru,haja ya kuunganisha raia wote chini ya taifa moja lenye uongozi na shabaha moja ilikuwa ndilo jambo lililozingatiwa sana.Kwa hivyo utamaduni wa taifa Kenya ni mchanganyiko wa tamaduni za watu wengi wenye mila,desturi,imani na itikadi tofauti.Utamaduni humaanisha jumla ya amali na tabia za watu wa jamii fulani.Amali hizi zinafungamanisha fikira,ustaarabu,mila,taasisi na sanaa za aina zote za jamii inayohusika.
Ili kujieneza na kujiimarisha,taifa huhitaji chombo hicho kuwasiliana na kuwaunganisha watu wake wenye asili mbalimbali. Chombo hicho huwa ni lugha ambayo siyo tu kwamba ni sehemu ya utamaduni wa jamii bali pia ni njia muhimu sana ya kutawanyia na kustawishia ule utamaduni.
Katika taifa lenye lugha nyingi kama Kenya kwa mfano,lugha ya taifa inayozungumzwa na kueleweka na baadhi kubwa ya raia ambayo imekiuka mipaka na tofauti za kikabila ni njia muhimu sana ya kueneza maongozi ya taifa na kuleta ufahamikiano bora kote nchini.Kama
zilivyo taasisi kama wimbo wa taifa,bendera ya taifa au bunge la taifa, lugha ya taifa ndicho kielelezo cha taifa lolote lile.Lugha kama hiyo huvunja na hukomesha hisia za kibinafsi na kikabila na badala yake kuunda moyo wa uaminifu wa kitaifa.
Zaidi ya kuwa chombo cha mawasiliano,lugha ni kielelezo cha fikira na hisia za binadamu.Lugha ya watu fulani haituelezi tu ujuzi au maarifa yao bali pia mtazamo wao kimaisha,falsafa na mawazo yao.Kwa ufupi lugha hutufahamisha namna akili za watu waizungumzayo ile lugha zinavyofikiri na kufanya maazimio.Lugha ni sehemu ya utamaduni wa taifa tulimozaliwa na lazima lugha hiyo ifunzwe katika muktadha wa maisha ya jamii ihusikayo.Utamaduni wa jamii havitenganiki na lugha yake.
Maswali
(a) Huku ukirejelea kifungu, eleza fasiri na chanzo cha lugha.
(b) Tofautisha baina ya lugha ya taifa na lugha ya kikazi.
(c) Kwa nini lugha ya taifa huhitajika sana katika nchi kama Kenya.
(d) Eleza kazi nne kuu zinazotekelezwa na lugha ya taifa.
(e) Eleza maana ya mafungu yafuatayo kama yalivyotumiwa katika taarifa:
(i) Amali na tabia za watu:
(ii) Muktadha wa maisha ya jamii:
(iii) Haiyamkiniki:
(f)Eleza majukumu mawili ya lugha kwa ujumla
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Taja madhumuni ya kusanifisha lugha ya Kiswahili nchini
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Discuss the advantages of science and technology.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Identify two hominids involved in the stages of evolution of man.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Changanua sentensi ifuatayo kwa kielelezo cha jedwali
Mwanafunzi aliyeondoka jana alishindwa kumwona
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Give two functions of warriors in African Traditional community.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Kanusha
Akimaliza kucheza mwite
Date posted:
October 2, 2019
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Give three factors that make camel a good pack animal.
Date posted:
October 2, 2019