EGH 2203: Research Methods in Geography Notes

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RESEARCH METHODS IN GEOGRAPHY.
Definition of research
Different authors have defined research as follows:
? Research is carrying out a diligent inquiry or a critical examination of a given phenomenon.
? Research involves a critical analysis of existing conclusions or theories with regard to newly discovered facts i.e. it’s a continued search for new knowledge and understanding of the world around us.
? Research is a process of arriving at effective solutions to problems through systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data.

What is Research?
It is a systematic inquiry whose objective is to provide information to solve managerial problems (Cooper and Schindler, 2003).

Research and Scientific Method
The scientific method encourages a rigorous, impersonal mode of procedure dictated by the demands of logic and objective procedure. It is based on the following basic postulates:
? It relies on empirical evidence
? It utilizes relevant concepts
? It is committed to only objective considerations
? It presupposes ethical neutrality i.e. it aims at nothing but making only adequate and correct statements about population objects
? It results into probabilistic predictions
? Its methodology is made known to all concerned for critical scrutiny and for use in testing the conclusions through replication.
? It aims at formulating most general axioms or what can be termed as scientific theories.

Purpose of Research
? To discover new knowledge
? To describe a phenomenon
? To enable prediction.
? To enable control i.e. the ability to regulate the phenomenon under study.
? To enable explanation of a phenomenon i.e. accurate observation and measurement of a given phenomenon.
? To enable theory development and validation of existing theories. Theory development involves formulating concepts, laws and generalizations about a given phenomenon.
? Research provides one with the knowledge and skills needed for the fast-paced decision-making environment

Sources of Knowledge
? Research
? Experience: Empiricists attempt to describe, explain, and make predictions through observation.
? Tradition: Rationalists believe all knowledge can be deduced from known laws or basic truths of nature
? Authority: They serve as important sources of knowledge, but should be judged on integrity and willingness to present a balanced case.
? Intuition: it is the perception, explanation or insight into phenomena by instinct.

The Value of Acquiring Research Skills
? To gather more information before selecting a course of action
? To do a high-level research study
? To understand research design
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