Introduction to ICT Notes: Certificate/Diploma in ICT

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Summary

INTRODUCTION TO ICT
ICT CONCEPTS
Definition of a computer
- It is an information processing machine
- It is an electronic device that is able to accept data as an input, process it as per the given instructions, store results and give out information as an output.
- A machine that is capable of processing, storing and outputting information at a very high speed.
Data
- Raw facts and figures
- Unprocessed information
Data Processing
- Activity which concerns with systematic recording, arranging, sorting, filling and processing of data (raw facts) into meaningful information.
- The activity of manipulating raw facts to generate meaningful information
Information¬
- It is the processed data (processed raw facts & figures)
A computer co-ordinate under four main units i.e. Input, Output, Processing and Storage units
Qualities of a computer
(i). It’s automatic i.e. it can work without human intervention once supplied with data and instructions.
(ii). It is a data processor: - It processes raw facts and figures to produce information
(iii). It is a storage device: - It stores information for later use
(iv). It is electrical i.e. requires some sort of power to drive it
Advantages of a Computer
(a) Stores large chunk of information in limited space
(b) Speed. Performs tasks very fast
(c) Consistency. Gives the same results given the same instructions
(d) Secrecy. Information is fairly protected if the computer system is well managed.
(e) Versatility. Can do the same think over and over again without being worn-out.
(f) Computer can work under hostile environment
(g) Handles complex arithmetic calculations within a short time.
(h) Reduces paper work.
Disadvantages of a Computer
(a) They are expensive
(b) Cuts down employment opportunities
(c) Needs expertise, which is expensive to hire and maintain
(d) Computers are health hazards
(e) Can lead to loss of information if not well managed
(f) Requires a lot of skills due to rapid changes in technology

Applications of Computers
(i). Industry and commerce: Computers are used in day-to-day operations in most companies and industries. They are normally used in keeping track of orders and deals (transactions).
(ii). Communication: Digital communication using computers is popular and is being adopted worldwide. It has enhanced communication through E-mail communication, electronic file transfer and internet
(iii). Education and Reference: Computer incorporates databases that are useful in managing educational resources. The internet has massive reference materials and almost every learning area. Computers systems have enabled efficient running of libraries for information storage and retrieval.
(iv). Entertainment: Computers support high quality motion pictures and music files using high speed and efficient digital storage devices such as CDs, DVDs etc. The internet as well provides a great entertainment resources e.g. games which has become a huge source of amusement at home and other places
(v). Health care and Medicine: Computers are used to keep patients’ medical records for monitoring
(vi). Police and defense: Computers are nowadays used in fighting crimes through computer forensic police are able to compare finger prints to databases which are automatically analyzed by a computer. In defense, computers are used in electronic news gathering, efficient communications, and detection and tracking of targets, radar systems, which are normally, employed in airports, warning systems and guided missile systems.
Classification of Computers
Computers differ based on their data processing abilities. They are classified based/ according to purpose, data handling and functionality.
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