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  • Kwaree Group limited has recently recruited you as the Accounts manager. You have been contacted to help in preparing a report entitled “How to design an effective management accounting information system.” The report should incorporate references to specific environments/organization type(s) and examples of the management accounting tools that would be of use. Required: Prepare a draft report in a format that is presentable to the senior management team of Kwaree Group limited.

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • The management accountant may make use of opportunity cost in the following situations: (i) Operation of a standard cost system; (ii) Setting transfer prices from one division to another; (iii) Deciding whether or not to accept a contract. Required: Discuss the relevance of the use of opportunity cost in each of the above applications.

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • Badi Division is part of the Dendi Group. Badi Division produces a single product for which it has an external market, which utilizes 80% of its production capacity. Lewi Division, which is part of the Dendi Group, requires units of the product available from Badi Division as input to a product, which will be sold outside of the group. Lewi Divisions requirements are equal to 40% of Badi Divisions production capacity. Lewi Division has a potential source of supply from outside the Dendi Group. This outside supplier can supply 75% of Lewi Divisions requirements. The outside source may wish to quote a higher price of Lewi Division only intends to take up part of its product availability. Required: Discuss aspects of transfer pricing principles and information availability, which will affect the likely achievement of group profit maximization from the sourcing decisions made by Lewi Division in the above situation.

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • A summary of additional information relating to the above points is as follows: fig10105902.png Required: Prepare a summary which shows the total budgeted contribution earned by Botton Limited from the new product for the coming year for each of the nine possible outcomes which may result from the above data. i. Using figures from your answer to (a) as relevant, indicate the advance level order size which should be chosen for special ingredient B and comment on the management attitude to risk where decision is based on each of the following criteria: i. Maximizing expected value ii. Maximax iii. Maximum

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • Coordination between operational and strategic planning is very essential in any organization, but lack of it may results in unrealistic plans, inconsistent goals. Poor communication and inadequate performance measurement. Required i. State key features or characteristics, which should be incorporated in each of strategic planning and operational planning. ii. List and comment briefly on examples of the cost implications of each of the factors underlined in the above statement which may occur from lack of relevant and appropriate operational planning. Your answers should be in the context of strategic planning goal of sustaining competitive advantage at minimum cost through speedy delivery of quality products to clients.

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • Decision-making situations under short-term conditions require consideration of; i. The cost classifications which the management accountant should use or ignore, and ii. Factors which may affect the behavior of costs and hence the accuracy of the cost analysis and the relevance of the decision making. Required In the context of the above statement, discuss whether a company should make quantities of a component used in a manufacture of a product or buy in the component from an outside supplier or out source.

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • Kenya Charity Organization has been holding annual dinner and dance for the last 100 years with the primary intention of raising funds. This year, there is a concern that an economic recession may adversely affect both the number of persons attending the function and advertising space that will be sold in the programme published for thee occasion. Based on past experience and current prices and quotations, it is expected that the following costs and revenues will apply for the function: fig7105848.png Required: (a) Calculate the expected value of the profit to be earned from the dinner and dance this year. (b) Recommend, with relevant supporting financial and cost date, whether or not the Kenya Charity should spend Shs 500 on the market research enquiry and indicate the possible benefits the enquiry could provide.

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • It has been established that the reasons for the variances for the period ended 31 December 2002 are as follows; i.80% of the extra material used is due to purchasing from the cheaper source. The balance off extra material usage is due to the amended processing method, which was introduced. ii.60% of the extra hours used is due to the amended processing method, the balance of extra hours id due to the change to a cheaper material source. Required i. Prepare a schedule of costs for the four alternative strategies, which incorporate different combinations of existing and amended material sources and conversion process methods and hence determine the profit maximizing strategy. ii. Prepare a report which discusses ways in which the alternative decision making focus in each off sections (a) and (b) of the question has contributed to a change in decision making strategy by the company.

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • Tumbo Limited makes and sells executive towels to which the following standard information relates: i. Raw material is purchased at Shs 5.00 per square metre on a just-in- time basis. The purchasing manager has the responsibility for the servicing of raw material. ii. The executive towel is made in a conversion process in which the variable conversion cost per product unit of output is estimated at Shs 12.50 (a half hour at Shs 25.00 per hour). The conversion process manager is deemed responsible for material usage and conversion process efficiency and expenditure variances. The actual events for the period ending 31 December 2002, which may be considered as a representative of future periods, are as follows: i. 27,000 square metres of raw material purchased at Shs 4.50 per square metre is used to produce 8,000 units of the executive towels. The purchasing manager has made the decision to0 buy from a cheaper source. ii. 4800 hours of conversion process time at a variable cost of Kshs 20.00 per hour is used to a achieve the output of Shs 8, 000 units of the executive towels. A charge in the processing method was implemented at the start of the period. Production capacity is available in order to produce in excess of 5,000 units of the executive towels if the demand dictates. Required: i. Calculate standard cost variances for material usage and price and for conversion process efficiency and expenditure for the period ended 31 December 2002. ii. Suggest, giving your reasons, whether decisions should be based on: 1. The variances over which each manager has control or 2. The effect of each material cost variance and conversion cost variance

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • Chemex limited manufactures three garden furniture products A B and C. The budgeted unit cost and resource requirements of each of these items are detailed below. fig3105829.png These volumes are believed to equal the market demand for these products. The fixed overhead costs are attributed to the three products on the basis of direct labour hours. The labour rate is Shs 40 per hour. The cost of the timber is Shs 20 per square metre. The products are made from a specialist timber. A memo from the procurement manager advises you that because of a problem with the supplier it is to be assumed that this specialist timber is limited in supply to 20,000 square metres per annum. The sales director has already accepted an order for 5,000 A, 1,000B and 1,500C, which if not supplied would incur a financial penalty of Shs 20,000. These quantities are included in the market demand estimates above. The selling prices of the three products are: A = Shs 200 B = Shs 500 C = Shs 400 Required a) Determine the optimum production plan and state the net profit that this should yield per annum. b) Calculate and explain the maximum prices, which should be paid per square metre in order to obtain extra supplies of the timber.

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • SIMTON Limited has been operating a standard cost system and has accumulated the following information in relation to variances in its monthly management accounts: fig1105825.png ii. Out of category B, connective action has eliminated 70% of variances, but the remainder has continued. iii. The cost of investigating averages is Shs 3,500 and that of connecting variances averages Shs 5,500. iv. The average size of any variance not connected is Shs 5,250 per month and the company‟s policy is to assess the present value of such costs at 24% per annum for a period of five months. Required (a) Prepare two decision trees, to present the position if an investigation is; (i) Carried Out (ii) Not carried (b) Recommend, with supporting calculations, whether or not the company should follow a policy of investigating variances as a matter of routine. (c) Explain briefly two types of circumstances that will give rise to variances in category A and two to those of category B. (d) Mention any one variation in the information used that you feel would be beneficial to the company of you wised to improve the quality of the decision making rule recommended in (b) above. Explain briefly why you have suggested it.

    Date posted: May 10, 2021
  • SPL Agencies specializes in the distribution of pharmaceutical products. They buy from pharmaceutical companies and resells to each of three different markets. fig5685459.png fig5785500.png Required: (a) Compute the August 2003 gross – margin percentage for each of its three distribution markets and SPL Agencies operating income. (b) Compute the August 2003 rate per unit of the cost allocation base for each of the five activity areas. (c) Compute the operating income of each distribution market in August 2003 using the activity based costing information. Comment on the results.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Majimbo Ltd. Is a multi-divisional company operating in several countries. Division X wants to buy component for its final product. Suppliers outside Majimbo Ltd. Have given two bids for sh.30,000 and 31,800. The supplier who bid sh.31,800 will in turn buy some raw materials for sh.4,500 from Division Z of Majimbo Ltd. Which has spare capacity that will increase A‟s contribution to overall company profits by sh.3,000. The supplier who bids sh.30,000 will not buy any materials from Majimbo Ltd. Required: a) Prepare a diagram of the cash flow for both alternatives. Does the use of the international market prices lead to optimal decision for Majimbo Ltd.? Explain b) Suppose Division Y is working at full capacity and can provide the needed part to Division X or to an outside customer at an assumed market price of sh.31,800. if market pricing were the rule, division Y would have to meet the sh.31,000 bid. Further, assume that the outlay costs to Y of filling the order were sh.22,500. Finally assume that Y, unlike the outside suppler does not buy from Z because Majimbo Ltd is so large and communications are so bad that the division Y management is unaware of this alternative. c) Will the use of sh.31,800 as a transfer price lead to optimal decisions for Majimbo Ltd? Show the net effects on cash flows.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Racquet Sports produces a variety of racquets for the sports industry. It makes racquets for tennis, squash and badminton. The table below presents the relevant data for the products produced. fig5285444.png Required: a) (i) Determine the contribution percentage on each shillings of sales for each of the products produced and sold. (ii) What is the overall contribution that each sales shillings provides toward covering the firm‟s fixed costs, that is overall break-even point in shillings sales? (iii) Determine the profits if the plants operates at 70 per cent of the plant capacity. b) Explain the limitations of the techniques you have used to solve part (a) above.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Paul Akili, an aggressive entrepreneur, is working on some make – or – buy decisions and a related inventory system. For one such product, he decides to use the classic economic – lot – size model with no stockouts to determine an optimal order quantity. He initially predicts that annual demand will be 2000 units, that each unit will cost sh.2,565, that the incremental cost of processing each order (and receiving the ordered goods) will be Sh.3,819 in this case, and the incremental cost of storage will be sh.342 per physical unit per year. Assume that the inventory cycle precisely repeats every year. Required: a) What is the optimal order quantity? b) What are the total relevant costs of inventory from following your policy in (a) above? c) Suppose that Paul Akili is incorrect in his sh.3,819 incremental – costs – per order prediction but is precisely correct in all other predictions. State and solve the equation to predict the maximum amount Paul Akili should pay to discover the true incremental cost per order if: (i) This true costs is sh.1,881 per order and (ii) In the absence of any knowledge to the contrary, Paul Akili implement the solutions in (a) above and will not alter it for one full year. a) What happens t your answer in (c) above if we admit that Paul Akili has also made errors in predicting demand price and the cost of storage? d) Suppose Paul Akili implements the solution in (a) above for two years. e) Further supposes that all of his initial predictions were, and are, correct except that the actual incremental cost of storage is sh.1,140 per average unit. If it costs Akili a total of sh.228 to alter his inventory policy, state the equation to determine the cost of prediction error of not changing his inventory policy at the beginning of the second year.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Africa 1 and Kenya 1 are competing importers of lightweight industrial pick-up truck, the “Miracle”. Market research suggests that there is demand for such vehicles of about 1,200 units per year evenly spread over the year and that bearing in mind the facilities available on the truck, its price should be around Sh.550,000 but discounts may be available. The price to the dealer is about Sh.400,000 depending upon exchange rates. The management Accountant at Africa 1 has the task of determining the price to charge for the vehicle that will give the greatest monthly profit from the sale of Miracles. Past experience suggest that Africa1‟s market share and profit will give the greatest monthly profit from the sale of Miracles. Past experience suggest that Africa1‟s market share and profit depends not only on the price it charges, but also the price that Kenya 1 charges. The following pattern seems to have emerged; If both companies share the same price, then Africa 1 secures about 45% of the market and Kenya 1 , 55%. When Kenya 1 has a lower price, then Africa 1 loses about 3% market share for every Sh.10,000 price difference. On the other hand, when Kenya1 has a higher price, then Africa 1 gains 2% market share over and above the 45% per sh.10,000 price difference. From africa1‟s point of view, kenya1 normally changes its prices monthly. Africa1‟s Management Accountant has ruled out trial and error pricing an has decided to develop a simulation model to investigate price behaviour patterns based on monthly periods. Required: a) Develop a simulation model from Africa1‟s point of view, using algebra, showing: i An expression for monthly profits; ii An expression for market share when Kenya1‟s price is the same as Africa 1‟s; iii An expression for market share when Kenya1‟s price is higher than Africa1‟s; iv An expression for market share when Kenya1‟s price is lower than Africa1‟s. b) Draw a flow diagram to show how the model would be used to simulate pricing and demand behaviour using a computer.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Peter Oloo is a fishmonger in Kisumu. As a result of adverse business changes in the region, the supply and demand for fish are subject to random variations making it difficult to project the next day‟s business. Management accounts in relation to the previous 300 days reveal the following mode of behaviour: fig4685420.png Peter Oloo buys each fish at Sh.40 and sells it for Sh.60 if sold on the same day; if the fish is sold the following day it will fetch only Sh.20. If not sold during the second day its value drops to zero and Peter Oloo do nates it to children‟s home. Peter Oloo‟s Policy is to satisfy the days demand from the fresh fish first; and any further demand will be satisfied from the stock of fish from previous day. Failure to satisfy demand costs Peter Oloo Sh.20 for every fish supplied to the customer. There are no back orders in the business. Required: a) Simulate Peter Oloo's operations for 8 days clearly indicating profits made each day. b) What are the average daily profits for Peter Oloo? Use the following random numbers 573423709751483681320931644925928345

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • LP Ltd. produces two products, K-A and K-B by a joint process. One unit of input X processed in Department 1 total will yield three units of product K – A and two units of K – B. The variable operating costs in Sh.2.50 per unit of input X processed. Each unit of product K-A can either be sold at the split-off point for Sh.10 per unit or processed further in Department 2 to for product K-C. One unit of product K-A is needed to produce one unit of K-C. Variable processing costs incurred in Department 2 amount to Sh.7.50 per unit of K-A processed and each unit of K-C can be sold at a price of Sh.22.50 product K-B can be sold at Sh.8.75 per unit at the split-off point. Highly skilled labour is required in each of the two departments and the total available labour force is limited to 80,000 hours per week. To process one unit of X requires 1.5 direct-labour hours. If K-A is processed further, three hours per unit of K-A processed are needed. Furthermore raw material X can be acquired up to a maximum quantity of 40,000 units per week. The company „s market survey shows that the maximum weekly demand for product K-A is 40,000 units and for product K-C is 5,000 units. The survey further concludes that virtually any amount of product K-B can be sold immediately without difficulty. Weekly production does not have to be equal to weekly sales for any of the company‟s products. However, since all three products are perishable, any unsold quantity at the end of the week will be discarded. Required: (i) Formulate a linear programe to determine the optimal weekly production mix for LP Ltd. that maximizes profits subject to the various production, market and technology constraints. Do not solve for optimal values but clearly define your variables. (ii) Independent of (a) above, assume that at the optimum, the marginal values associated with the maximum market demand for K-A constraint, the maximum market demand for K-C constraint and the maximum supply of X constraint are Sh.10, Sh.15 and Sh.15 respectively. Assume further that all other constraints have zero marginal values. What is the maximum achievable contribution? Show calculations.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Briefly give five examples of business applications of linear programming.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Through the end of 1993, Viatu Ltd., a shoe manufacturer had always sold its products through distributors. In 1993, the turnover was Sh.87,500,000 and net profit was 10 per cent of turnover. Total fixed expenses (manufacturing and selling) were Sh.17,500,000. During 1993, a number of Viatu's competitors had begun selling their products through distributors. Viatu's marketing research group was asked to predict the effects of eliminating distributors from the channels of distributors and selling direct to retailers. The group was instructed to predict both changes in sales volume and changes in selling expenses, under the provision that the selling price per unit would remain unchanged. The marketing analysis yielded the following predictions: Turnover in1994 would drop 20 percent from the 1993 figures, but net profit for 1994 would rise to Sh.9,100,000 owing to savings in selling expenses. This net savings in selling expenses from eliminating the “middleman” was impressive, since total fixed expenses manufacturing and selling) would increase to Sh.18,900,000 because of the additional warehouse and delivery facilities required: If the 1993 distribution system were continued, however, 1994, results would replicate 1993. Required: a) What was the breakeven point (turnover) under the original situation prevailing in 1993? b) What would be the breakeven point (turnover) under the proposed situation for 1994? c) On the basis of this analysis, Viatu Ltd, adopted the new direct-distribution plan for 1994, and reduced 1994 production on the 70,000,000 turnover level. Unfortunately, it became clear by early December 1994 that sales would reach only 66,500,000 and Viatu cut back productions so that no ending inventory remained. Variable costs per unit and total fixed costs were as predicted. Compute the cost of Viatu‟s prediction error. Assume that sales would have been Sh.87,500,000 if the 1993 distribution system had been continued.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Mitumba Ltd. has set the following standards: fig4185411.png Required: Comprehensive computation showing the yield, mix and price variances.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Uchunguzi Ltd. plans to conduct a questionnaire survey. The table below shows the tasks involved, the immediately proceeding tasks and for each task duration the most likely estimate (L), optimistic estimate (O) and the pessimistic estimate (P). fig3885408.png Using the project evaluation and review technique (PERT) the meantime, M and standard deviation O. for the duration of each task are estimated from t he most likely (L), Optimistic (O) pessimistic (P) estimates by using the formulae: M = 0.08333 (4L + O + P) O = 0.08333 (P – O) Required: a) Compute the mean duration and standard deviation for each task. b) The project is budgeted to cost Sh.500,000. Actual costs per day are Sh.10,000. Can the project be implemented within the budget?

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Mwendandamu Company Ltd. can produce a product using either labour-intensive or machine-intensive operations. Cost of each method are as follows: fig3585404.png Required: a) Develop probability tree to show the possible profits from labour-intensive and machine-intensive production. b) Determine the following for each production method: i Expected profits; ii Probability of at least breaking even; iii Probability of profits of at least Sh.1,000,000. c) Which production method do you prefer and why? d) Discuss other factors that Mwendamu Company Ltd.'s management should consider before deciding on the production method.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Chakula Engineering Company Limited (CECL) recently sent their chief designer to the USA and UK to review developments in the American and British Markets. He has now returned with details of a new type of food mixer that is being developed over there. CECL are considering the design and manufacture of a liquidizer gadget attachment to be used as an extra gadget for the new mixer when it is sold in Kenya. The chief designer‟s notes show that 10% of the experts he questioned in both the UK and USA believed the new mixer would reach the Kenyan market in a year‟s time, whereas 30% thought it would be launched in four year‟s time, and the remainder suggested a five-year delay before it reached Kenyan.The presents value (PV) of net cash flows form making and selling the liquidizer are estimated by the company to be sh.8 million, if the market develops one year from now and sh.3.2 million if it develops five years from now. CECL have not developed a liquidizer before, and whilst it immediate development would cost Sh.2 million, they feel they have only a 50% chance of a successful development at present. A number of alternative courses of action present themselves. The company could abandon the whole project, or wait for one year to see if the mixer has penetrated the Kenyan market. They would then abandon or develop the liquidizer at a PV cost of Sh.1.8 million, with a 70% chance of success, but they would be late into the market and the PV of their receipts they estimate at Sh.4.8 million, including the expenditure of Sh.400,000 on acquiring extra product data during the second year of delay, and the chance of a successful development would be 90%. At this point, however, the mixer could only come on the market at the four or five year point from now. Required: Using a decision tree approach, advise the company on the course of action to adopt.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Uganda Ltd. has the following standards for producing an alcoholic beverage: fig2485344.png Every 100 litres of input should yield 80 litres of Chovi, the finished product. The production manager is supposed to make the largest possible amount of finished product for the least cost. He has some leeway to alter the combination of materials within certain wide limits, as long as the finished product meets specified quality standards. Actual results showed that 400,000 litres of Chovi were produced during last week. The raw materials used in this production were 280,000 litres of 590N and 240,000 litres of KAG. No price variances were experienced during the period. Required: a) A presentation of yield and mix variances. b) Comment on the performance of the manager.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • FMD Ltd, wishes to study the relationship between the total costs of operating one of its divisions and to the physical output of that division. It decides to begin with a simple linear probabilistic model relating monthly total operating cost to monthly output, as follows: Y = K0 + K1 x + Z Where y is monthly total operating cost, x is monthly unit production, and Z is a random variable assumed to follow a normal probability distribution with mean U of zero and standard deviation of o. Required: a) Give a precise interpretation of the parameters K0 and K1 of the model above, so that an accountant would understand what they stand for. b) Give a brief outline of the role of Z in the model. In a particular, indicate why it is there. c) FMD Ltd. obtains the following data on monthly production and costs: fig2285341.png Using these data, compute the coefficient K0 and K1 of the model. d) Outline how you would go about deciding whether or not the model above fits the data reasonably well and captures the underlying process generating the monthly operating costs. e) Use the model to predict next month‟s operating costs at a production level of 2,000 units.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Computer Ltd., is in the process of deciding how to service a one-year warranty on the 1,000 computers sold to a large international company. You have been presented with three alternatives: Alternative A A reputable computer service firm has offered to service the computers, including all parts and labour for a flat charge of Sh.27,000. Alternative B For Sh.22,500 another reputable service firm would provide all necessary parts and up to 1,000 service calls at no charge. Service calls in excess of that number would be Sh.6 each. The number of calls is likely to be: fig1885337.png fig1985337.png Required: a) For each alternative, compute the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation. b) Which alternative is most risky? Explain. c) What alternative would be taken? Explain.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Joy Musa is trying to decide between three capital projects of varying returns and risks as shown below: fig1685334.png Required: a) What difficulties in the design of control systems are demonstrated by the above situation? b) Compute Joy Musa's expected utility from each capital project.

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Kata Leo manages a factory that is currently processing a large order to make hundreds of newly designed computers. Several serious production problems have been encountered. Kata Leo is concerned whether the units will be of acceptable quality. If they are acceptable, the factory will have a net profit of Sh.1,000,000. If the units are of an unacceptable quality, the legal problems, warranty claims and unfavourable publicity will result in a net loss of Sh.625,000. However, Kata Leo could add an intricate inspection procedure so that all defective computers could be discovered and repaired before they leave the factory. The cost of his procedure would be Sh.1,307,500 Required: a) Formulate Kat Leo‟s problem as a “decision table” or “pay off table showing actions, events and outcomes. b) Supposes that both events are equally likely and that Kata Leo bases his decision strictly on expected monetary return, which action will the management prefer? c) Suppose that Kata Leo could obtain a consultant‟s special accounting analysis that would affect his assessments probabilities of acceptable or unacceptable quality. The consultant is expected to produce one of three possible reports: neutral, optimistic or pessimistic. The neutral report would not change the original decision in (b) above. The optimistic report would change Kata Leo‟s assessments of probabilities to 0.7 acceptable and 0.3 unacceptable. The pessimistic report would have the reverse effect, changing the probabilities to 0.3 acceptable and 0.7 unacceptable. Kata Leo assesses probabilities of receiving the various reports as follows: Neutral report - 0.3 Optimistic report - 0.3 Pessimistic report - 0.4 What is the highest price that Kata Leo should pay for the report?

    Date posted: May 8, 2021
  • Miujiza Co. Ltd. manufactures two industrial products: x-100, which sells for Sh.4,500 a unit, and Y-120 which sells for Sh.4,250 a unit. Each product is processed through both of the company‟s manufacturing departments. The limited availability of labour, materials and equipment capacity has restricted the ability of the firm to meet the demand for its products. The production department believes that linear programming can be used to support and systematize the production schedule for the two products. The following data are available to the production department: fig1185251.png fig1285252.png a) Evaluate the accuracy and application of the L.P. equations prepared by the production department. b) Formulate and label equations for the L.P. statement of the production problem in line with your findings in (a) above. c) Explain how L.P. could help Miujiza Co. determine how large a change in the price of direct materials would have to be to change the optimum production Mix of X-100 and Y-120

    Date posted: May 8, 2021