ECE 305: Social Studies for Early Childhood Education Notes

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1.3 Definition of terms
1.3.1 Social Studies

• According to Collins English Dictionary social studies is the study of how people live and organise themselves in society, embracing geography, history, economics, and other subjects.

• Social studies is also the study of people in relation to each other and to their world. It is an interdisciplinary subject which borrows from many disciplines for example history, geography, and economics. It focuses on people’s relationships in different environments and helps learners to become active and responsible citizens.

1.3.2 Family

It is a group of individuals living together and are related through blood, adoption or marriage.

1.3.3 Community

What is a community?
• A community is a group of families which have a sense of belongingness.
• According to Cook and Cook (1950) a community is an organized way of life within a geographical area.
• Thus, community is a group of families occupying a particular place with common practice, values and culture.

1.3.4 Society

What is society?
• According to oxford dictionary, a “society is a system whereby people live together in organized communities.”
• According to Ginsberg (1932) a society is a collection of individuals united by certain relations or modes of behaviour which mark them off from others who do not enter into these relations or who differ from them in behaviour.
• According to Cole (1920) society is the complex of organised associations and institutions within the community.

1.3.5 Socialization

What is socialization?
• It is the process by which an individual is adapted to his social environment and becomes a recognized, cooperating and efficient member of society.
• It is the process by which children learn the ways of their society and make the ways part of their personality.
• It is the process by which an individual learns the behaviours, values and expectations of others that enable him/her to play his/her roles in society.

Thus, socialization is the process of preparing a child to fit in his family, community and society by giving the child the right education (knowledge, skills and attitudes).

1.3.6 Life Skills

• According to World Health Organisation life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enables individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.
• According to UNICEF life skills refers to large group of psycho-social and interpersonal skills which can help people make informed decisions, communicate effectively and develop coping and self-management skills that may help them lead a healthy and productive life.

• According to Dictionary.com’s 21st century, life skills refers to the ability to cope with stresses and challenges of daily life, especially skills in communication and literacy, decision making, occupational requirements, problem solving, time management and planning.

1.3.7 Attitude

Attitudes may be defined as a disposition to respond positively or negatively to cognitive, affective and behavioural responses (Zanna and Rempel, 1988; Fishbein and Ajzen, 1976).

1.3.8 Curriculum

• Cunningham (1888) states, “Curriculum is a tool in the hands of the artist (teacher) to mould his material (pupil) according to his ideas (aims and objectives) in his studio (school).
• Saylor (1988), curriculum is “A plan for providing sets of learning opportunities for people to be educated”
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