AHT 318: Gender Relations in African History Notes

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Summary

Chapter One: Introduction and Conceptual Issues

Learning Objectives
By the end of the chapter the learner should be able to:
1. To define gender and related concepts
2. Trace the evolution of women and gender history
3. To describe the complexities around gender issues

The historiography of African history has gone through various phases. The cconventional history not only in Africa, but in other regions, too, has been written from the standpoint of men (upper class), who have tended to dominate the production of historical knowledge. Thus, in conventional history the tendency has been to examine institutions that are more visible, such as, political institutions, diplomatic events and intellectual currents, among others, aspects of high class of males. Previously, historical inquiry was not undertaken in popular culture where most of the population could be captured. Consequently, upper class males have been studied, privileged at the expense of other segments of the society, though they have equally played significant role in historical processes that define humanity. In general, women were most neglected or ignored in the production of historical knowledge. The invisibility of women, prompted feminist historians to advocate for women’s history and later gender history.

Therefore, women’s history is concerned with the past actions of women as expressed by women themselves. It captures the voices of women. By studying women’s history feminist historians were trying to uncover what had been hidden over the years. However, since history is an outcome of the complex interaction of material forces (forces of production) and ideological formations, women's history differs within and between regions and is, therefore, not universal.

Various approaches have been used in the writing of women’s history. These include one, the traditional approach in which accounts of “notable women” are given. These notable women are viewed as “deviants” because they acted contrary to societal expectations. The second approach is examining the contribution of women in various movements. The third approach has been to perceive women as victims. This approach has limitations for it makes women appear either as passive or just reacting to male pressures or the constraints of a patriarchal society. By viewing women as passive victims, the approach fails to elicit the positive and essential way in which women have functioned in society. Both conventional and women’s history do not tell the whole story of peoples’ or society history. However, where women’s story had been left out, it is important if the same was uncovered.
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