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Study on the Mechanism of Blood-Brain Barrier Functional Impairment Derived from iPSCs of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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Summary

Study on the Mechanism of Blood-Brain Barrier Functional Impairment Derived from iPSCs of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Introduction
Background and Significance
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a condition that affects the spinal cord and the brain in general. This condition is capable of destroying the Central Nervous System (CNS) and it can cause serious injuries and disabilities if not managed early. According to research, an approximate of 2.3 million people are affected globally (Khan et al., 2023). This indicates that MS is a critical disease that needs intervention from researchers and medical practitioners.
Secondly, there is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is s structure that controls and maintains the microenvironment of the brain. It is a permeable barrier that selectively ensures the brain is separated from the circulating blood. In this manner, the BBB protects the brain from any possible damages by regulating what passes through to the brain (Wei et al., 2023). Its basic structure include the endothelial cells, that prevents substances from crossing over to the brain, right junctions for preventing large molecules from crossing over, and basement membrane which supports the endothelial cells. Generally, the functions of BBB is to ensure there is selective permeability, protection of the brain, and regulation of the brain microenvironment (Wei et al., 2023). That is why dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been associated with MS because the affected nerves affects the myelin, which causes nerve damage, a symptom of MS.
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