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Diploma in Agricultural Engineering: Unit Tractor and Power Unit 1 Notes

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Summary

LESSON 1 FARM POWER

Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land. Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery and other stationary jobs like operating irrigation equipment, threshers/ shellers / cleaners/ graders, etc.

SOURCES OF FARM POWER
There are different sources of farm power available in which are classified as
1. Human power
2. Animal power
3. Mechanical power (Tractors + Power tillers + Oil engines)
4. Electrical power
5. Renewable energy (Biogas + Solar energy + Wind energy)

HUMAN POWER
Human power is the main source for operating small implements and tools at the farm. Stationary work like chaff cutting, lifting, water, threshing, winnowing etc are also done by manual labour. An average man can develop maximum power of about 0.1 hp for doing farm work

ANIMAL POWER
Power developed by an average pair of bullocks about 1 hp for usual farm work. Bullocks are employed for all types farm work in all seasons. Besides bullocks, other animals like camels, buffaloes, horses, donkeys, mules and elephants are also used at some places. The average force a draft animal can exert is nearly one-tenth of its body weight.

MECHANICAL POWER
Broadly speaking, mechanical power includes stationary oil engines, tractors, power tillers and self propelled combines. Internal combustion engine is a good device for converting liquid fuel into useful work (mechanical work). These engines are two types 1. Spark ignition engines (Petrol or Kerosene engine)
2. Compression ignition engines (Diesel engines)
The thermal efficiency of diesel engine varies from 32 to 38 per cent whereas that of petrol engine varies from 25 to 32 per cent. In modern days, almost all the tractors and power tillers are operated by diesel engines. Diesel engines are used for operating irrigation pumps, flour mills, oil ghanis, cotton gins, chaff cutter, sugarcane crusher, threshers, winnowers etc.

ELECTRICAL POWER
Electrical power is used mostly in the form of electrical motors on the farms. Motor is a very useful machine for farmers. It is clean, quest and smooth running. Its maintenance and operation needs less attention and care. The operating cost remains almost constant throughout its life. Electrical power is used for water pumping, diary industry, cold storage, farm product processing, fruit industry and many similar things.

RENEWABLE ENERGY
It is the energy mainly obtained from renewable sources of energy like sun, wind, biomass etc. Biogas energy, wind energy and solar energy are used in agriculture and domestic purposes with suitable devices. Renewable energy can be used for lighting, cooking, water heating, space heating, water distillation, food processing, water pumping, and electric generation. This type of energy is inexhaustible in nature.

Usage of renewable energy sources Solar energy-
Solar dryers, lantern, cooker, solar still, solar refrigeration, solar lighting etc
Wind energy- Water pumping, electricity generation etc.
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