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Zool 415: Animal Physiology Question Paper

Zool 415: Animal Physiology

Course:Bachelor Of Education Science

Institution: Kabarak University question papers

Exam Year:2009

COURSE CODE: ZOOL 415
COURSE TITLE: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
STREAM: Y4S1
DAY: WEDNESDAY
TIME: 2.00 – 4.00 P.M.
DATE: 17/03/2010

INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer ALL the questions in SECTION (A) and any two (2) questions in SECTION (B)

SECTION (A) Answer All the questions in Section (A) (40 Marks)
1. a) Define alkalosis and explain its cause and significance. (3Marks)
b) Describe two homeostatic reactions in the body in response to alkalosis. (2Marks)
2. a) Name two principal respiratory muscles during eupnea. (2Marks)
b) Explain the role of these muscles in respiration. (2Marks)
3. a) Describe four factors that may cause;
(i) fatigue in muscles (2Marks)
(ii) excitation of smooth muscles (2Marks)
b) Explain the all or none law with regard to muscle contraction and explain why this law
may not always apply. (3Marks)
c) Describe the sequence of events from the time a muscle motor nerve is stimulated to the
time when a muscle contraction occurs. (4Marks)
4. a) State a cause and a probable remedy for each of the following;
(i) Heat cramp (2Marks)
(ii) Heat stroke (2Marks)
b) Describe ways by which mammals living in hot deserts balance their needs for water regulation
and temperature regulation. (3Marks)
5. a) Describe changes that occur in any two physiological systems of a mammal during
gestation and explain why such physiological changes occur. (4 Marks)
b) Describe the role of: (2 Marks)
(i) Progesterone (2Marks)
(ii) Placenta (2Marks)
6. a) State the main difference between blood flowing in the systemic capillaries and blood
flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. (1 Mark)
b) Explain how capillaries are adapted to their function. (2Marks)
c) State four factors that affect the rate and amount of blood flowing in the blood vessels.
(2Marks)
SECTION (B) Answer any TWO questions in this Section (30 Marks)
7. a) Explain how the glomerulus is structurally adapted to its function. (3 Marks)
b) Illustrate the structure of the nephron and describe the process of urine formation in a mammal.
(12 Marks)
8. Describe the composition of the extracellular fluid and explain how the fluid concentration and
volume are homeostatically regulated to maintain a constant internal environment for the cells.
(15Marks)
9. Explain why the heart is autonomous in its activity and describe how neural and chemical inputs
influence the activity of the heart. (15Marks)

Zool 415: Animal Physiology Question Paper

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