Envs 122 Question Paper

Envs 122

Course:Bachelor Of Science In Environmental Science

Institution: Kabarak University question papers

Exam Year:2009

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1. Answer all questions in Section A.
2. Answer two questions only in Section B
3. Use diagrams wherever applicable
SECTION A: (40 MARKS)
1. Distinguish between the following terms:
a) Co-infection and superinfection
b) Candidiasis and Karposi’s sarcoma
c) Combination therapy and second line therapy (6 mks)
2. a) Describe and illustrate the structure of an HIV virus (5 mks)
b) State three ways in which HIV differ from living organisms. (3 mks)
c) Explain briefly the origin of HIV virus (4 mks)
3. a) Explain the tests used in a VCT centre to determine the HIV status of a person.
(6 mks)
b) State eight advantages of HIV testing? (4 mks)
4. a) Explain the association between HIV and Tuberculosis (4 mks)
b) Explain how opportunistic infections can be prevented. (4 mks)
c) Discuss combination prevention strategy against HIV infection. (4 mks)
SECTION B: (30 MARKS)
5. Describe the life cycle of HIV and explain how it has been used in the development of
Zidovudine and Efavirenz drugs for management of HIV/AIDS.
(15 mks)
6. Describe in detail the progression of HIV /AIDS disease from infection to full blown
AIDS disease. (15 mks)
7 Discuss the impact of HIV /AIDS on households in sub-Saharan Africa. (15 mks)

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