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Soma makala yafuatayo kisha ujibu maswali
Nilianza kusikia habari za ugonjwa wa ukimwi mnamo mwaka wa 1984. Wakati huo nilikuwa nimemaliza masomo yangu ya kidato cha sita na kujiunga ia chuo cha walimu kilichoko wilayani Nyeri kiitwacho Kagumo. Nilihofu sana maradhi hayo hasa nilipowaona walioambukizwa wakikondeana mthili ya ng’onda. Baada ya waathiriwa kufariki, jamaa zao hawakuruhusiwa kuwazika. Wizara ya afya ilitoa amri kali kuwa wale wore waliofariki kutokana na maradhi ya ukimwi wazikwe na kikundi maalum cha madaktari ma wauguzi wa hospitali za wilayani. Kulikuwa na kasisi mmoja tuliyehusiana kiukoo aliyefariki kutokana na maradhi ya ukimwi. Sisi hatukuruhusiwa hata kumsongea karibu marehemu alipoletwa nyumbani.
Madaktari na wauguzi walivalia majoho meupe ungedhani ni malaika. Mikononi walivaa glovu nyeupe ambazo zilitutisha machoni.
Mara nyingi nimeshangazwa na athari za ugonjwa huu. Inasemekana kuwa kuna njia kadha za usambazaji wa ugonjwa wa ukimwi. Njia moja ni kuhusika katika kitendo cha mapenzi na mtu ambaye ameambukizwa virusi vya ugonjwa huo. Njia nyingine nimeelezwa kuwa ni kwa kutumia kwa pamoja vifaa vyenye makali na mtu aliyeambukizwa virusi vya ukimwi. Inasemekana kuwa kugusa damu ya mtu aliyeambukizwa ugonjwa huo pia kunaweza kukutia mashakani.
Mama mja mzito aliyeambukizwa ugonjwa huu anaweza kumwambukiza mtoto aliye tumboni anapojifungua na hati baadaye anapomnyonyesha mtoto wake mchanga. Kisha kuna kupokea damu kutoka kwa mtu ambaye tayari ameambukizwa virusi hivyo. Yote hayo yanachangia pakubwa katika kututumbukiza kwenye janga hili la ukimwi.
Lakini nimewahi kusikia watu wakisema kuwa ukimwi si maradhi. Yaani ni
upungufu tu wa kinga ya kukabiliana na magoniwa katika mwili wa binadamu. Maadamu ukiweza kuimarisha kinga ya magonjwa katika mwili wako basi unaweza kuishi kwa miaka ma mikaka. Anachohitajika mtu ni apate chakula na lishe bora, afanye mazoezi ya kutosha, na kujiepusha na mahusiano ya kimapenzi na watu wenine ambao huenda wakamwambukiza aina tofauti tofauti za virusi vya ukimwi. Hayo yakifanyika mwathiriwa huwa na matumaini ya kuishi kwa muda mrefu kwani hatazidiwa na maradhi hayo na mwishowe kwenda jongomeo. Kuna haja kubwa ya kujilinda na kuepukana kabisa na janga hili lililotuzingira. Wengi tayari wameshapoteza roho zao. Wengine walioambukizwa wanaugua mahospitalini ma na majumbani mwao kisirisiri. Mungu atujalie heri na shari, kwani utafiti wote ambao umefanywa kuhusu tiba ya uwele huu haujafua dafu hata kidogo. Hata hivyo Mola hamtupi mja wake.
Maswali
a) Ipe habari hii anwani ifaayo.
b) Kwa nini mwandishi ana hofu sana ya maradhi ya ukimwi?
c)Hapo awali watu waliwachukulia vipi walioambukizwa maradhi ya Ukimwi?
d)Eleza njia mbalimbali zinazomfanya mtu kuambukizwa maradhi ya ukimwi .
e)Je, tunawezaje kuepukana na janga hili la ukimwi?
f)Eleza maana ya vifungu hivi vya maneno kama vilivyotumika katika taarifa.
i)Wauguzi
ii)Makali
iii)Virusi
iv)Uwele
v)Janga
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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Explain four factors to consider when reheating left over foods.
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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Outline four ways of shortening the cooking of dry maize.
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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State four points to consider when buying spinach.
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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Giving reasons in each case, mention three essential rules when patching an item.
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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Giving reasons in each case, state four qualities of a well attached hook and eye.
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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Suggest six reasons why synthetic detergents are popular for laundry work.
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name gas Q
(b) With the help of diagram, describe how step (V) is carried out
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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What mass of Zinc will be deposited from a solution of Zinc (II) Chloride when a current of 3A is passed through the Zinc (II) Chloride solution during electrolysis for 50 minutes?
(Zn= 65, 1 Faraday = 96500C)
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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In an electrolysis, a current of 200A was passed through molten oxide of metal Q for 58 minutes and 64.8g of the metal deposited. Determine;
i) Charge on metal Q
ii) The volume of oxygen gas produced at standard temperature and pressure
Q = 27 IF = 96500C, molar gas volume stp =22.4dm3
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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Differentiate between advancing and receding colours.
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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The following is a thermochemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
Calculate the bond energy between the elements in water given that:
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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The graph below represents the volume of gas collected against time when dilute sulphuric acid is reacted with Zinc granules:-
(a) Determine the rate of reaction between the 1st and 3rd minute
(b) When did the reaction stop?
(c) Give a possible reason for the reaction to stop
Date posted:
October 29, 2019
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The sketch below was obtained when 2g of magnesium was reacted with excess of 2M hydrochloric acid. The volume of hydrogen evolved was then plotted against time as shown below:
(a) On the same axis plot the graph that would be obtained if 1M hydrochloric acid was used instead of 2M hydrochloric acid. Explain
(b) Explain the significance of the flat portion BC of the curve
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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Iodine can react with chlorine as shown below:-
Determine the molar enthalpy change for this reaction
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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The equation below represents changes in the physical state of ions metal:
Calculate the amount of heat energy required to change 10kg of solid iron to gaseous iron
Fe = 56
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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The setup below was used to investigate the changes that take place when sodium hydroxide pellets dissolve in water.
a) Why is a plastic beaker used instead of a metallic beaker?
b) State and explain the observations made in the above reaction
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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Biogas is a mixture of mainly Carbon (IV) Oxide and methane.
(i) Give a reason why biogas can be used as a fuel
(ii) Other than fractional distillation, describe a method that can be used to determine the percentage of methane in biogas
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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A typical electrolysis cell uses a current of 40,000 amperes. Calculate the mass (in Kg of aluminium produced in one hour). (Al = 27) (Faraday = 96500 Coloumbs)
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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When 1.6g of ammonium nitrate were dissolved in 100cm3 of water, the temperature dropped by 6ºC. Calculate its enthalpy change. (Density of water = 1g/cm3,specific heat capacity is 4.2kJ kg-1K-1)
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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Nitrogen and hydrogen react reversibly according to the equation:-
The energy level diagram for the above reaction is shown below:-
(a) How would the yield of ammonia be affected by:
(i) A decrease in temperature
(ii) An increase in pressure
(b) How does a catalyst affect reversible reaction already in equilibrium?
(c) On the above diagram, sketch the energy level diagram that would be obtained when iron catalyst is added to the reaction
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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Using the heats of combustion of the following substances, calculate the heat of formation of ethanol
Date posted:
October 28, 2019
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The heat of combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH is 1370KJ/mole.
(i) What is meant by heat of combustion?
(ii) Calculate the heating value of ethanol
(H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
Date posted:
October 25, 2019
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6g of Potassium nitrate solid was added to 120cm3 of water in a plastic beaker.
The mixture was stirred gently and the following results were obtained.
Initial temperature = 21.50C
Final temperature = 17.0 0C
(a) Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction
(Density =1g/cm3, C= 4.2jg-1K-1)
(b) Calculate the molar enthalpy change for the dissolution of potassium nitrate
(K=39, N= 14, O =16)
Date posted:
October 25, 2019
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How does the pH value of 0.25M KOH(aq) compare with that of 0.25M ammonia solution?
Date posted:
October 25, 2019
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A solution of hydrogen chloride gas in methylbenzene has no effect on calcium carbonate.
A solution of hydrogen chloride in water reacts with calcium carbonate to produce a gas. Explain
Date posted:
October 25, 2019
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The table shows solubility of potassium chlorate V
(a) Calculate the mass of solute and solvent in 90g of the saturated solution of the salt at 45oC
(b) A solution of the salt in 100g water contains 63g at 95oC. At what temperature will the solution start forming crystals when cooled
Date posted:
October 25, 2019
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Describe how you would prepare a dry sample of crystals of potassium sulphate starting with 100cm3 of 1M sulphuric (VI) acid.
Date posted:
October 25, 2019
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In an experiment to determine solubility of sodium chloride, 10.0 cm3 of a saturated solution of sodium chloride weighing 10.70g were placed in a volumetric flask and diluted to a total of 500cm3. 25.0 cm3 of the diluted solution of sodium chloride reacted completely with 24.0 cm3 of 0.1M silver nitrate solution.
I. Calculate;
(i) Moles of silver nitrate in 24.0 cm3 of solution.
(ii) Moles of NaCl in 25.0 cm3 of solution.
(iii) Moles of NaCl in 500 cm3 of solution.
(iv) Mass of NaCl in 10.0 cm3 of saturated sodium chloride (Na = 23, Cl = 35.5)
(v) Mass of water in 10.0cm3 of saturated solution.
(vi) The solubility of NaCl in g/100g of waters.
Date posted:
October 25, 2019