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Set 518 Question Paper

Set 518

Course:Bachelor Of Science

Institution: Kenyatta University question papers

Exam Year:2008

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2007/2008
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
SET 518: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

DATE: Tuesday 8th July, 2008 TIME: 3.30 p.m. – 5.30 p.m.
________________________________________________________________________
INSTRUCTIONS
i.
Attempt any THREE questions.
ii.
Reasonable assumptions should be made where necessary.

1.
(i)
Discuss any five methods of expressing concentration that are
commonly used in various branches of water chemistry.

[10 marks]
(ii)
The hydrogen bonding in water is responsible for many of the anomalous
properties possessed by water. With a sketch il ustrating the bonding,
discuss some of these properties emphasizing their effects on life within
natural aquatic systems.

[10 marks]
2.
(i)
The carbonate system is the most important acid-base system
in water.
Give and discuss three areas in which the system affects natural waters.
Hence or otherwise enumerate the chemical species that make up the
carbonate system.

[10 marks]
(ii)
Define buffers. Discuss the importance of buffer capacity in biological
wastewater treatment.

[10 marks]
3.
Calculate the solubility in mg/l of CaF2 in pure water at 25oC neglecting ionic
strength effects given;

CaF2 ? Ca2+ + 2F-

Kso = 5 x 10-11

Molecular weight of CaF2 = 78

[20 marks]

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