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Set 330: Energy From Wastes Question Paper
Set 330: Energy From Wastes
Course:Bachelor Of Science In Energy Engineering
Institution: Kenyatta University question papers
Exam Year:2010
KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2009/2010
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE (ENERGY ENGINEERING)
SET 330:
ENERGY FROM WASTES
DATE: Tuesday, 13th April, 2010
TIME: 8.00 a.m. – 10.00 a.m.
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INSTRUCTIONS:
There are FIVE questions in this paper. Answer any THREE questions. All questions
carry equal marks.
QUESTION 1
Virtually every human activity, in-house, office, farm, industrial, etc; generates wastes of
various forms; differing in physical and chemical characteristics.
The more wastes we generate, the more we have to dispose; and by all means, waste
disposal should be done in a manner which will cause least harm to the environment.
This can be achieved by adopting the 4 – R Philosophy of good/efficient waste
management.
a)
Name the 4 – R philosophy of good waste management and explain/discuss each
in details.
(10 marks)
b)
Energy Recovery is more – less one of the waste disposal methods.
i)
Discuss in details, giving examples and sources, the wastes suitable for
energy recovery.
(5 marks)
ii)
“Energy Recovery would be the most preferred method of disposal of
suitable wastes today”.
Discuss this statement, clearly showing/supporting why this is so.
(5 marks)
Page 1 of 3
________________________________________
QUESTION 2
There are various methods of energy recovery from suitable wastes, many well
developed today.
a)
i)
Name the biochemical conversion method, other than Landfill, which
produces a gaseous fuel; and examples of suitable wastes for this method.
(2 marks)
ii)
Name the final product gaseous fuel, the specific gases in it, and its
potential utilizations.
(2 marks)
b)
i)
Describe the process in details and name the process essentials
/conditions.
(6 marks)
ii)
Name the converter system in this process and use a well-labelled suitable
engineering illustration to demonstrate one of them.
(3 marks)
c)
i)
Name the thermochemical conversion process which produces a gaseous
fuel, and examples of suitable wastes for the method.
(2 marks)
ii)
Name the final product gaseous fuel from this technology, the specific
gases in it, and its potential utilizations.
(2 marks)
iii)
Name the converter system in this process and use a well-labelled
engineering illustration to demonstrate it.
(3 marks)
QUESTION 3
Wastes are generated by various human activities, and animals.
A good fraction of wastes is suitable for energy recovery, and there are several
methods/technologies for that purpose.
a)
In North America, Europe, and a number of developing countries, to the immerse
waste generated, especially in their cities, and the growing energy demand, they
have started what is known as “Waste – to – energy” technology, an industry
growing considerably fast. Define and explain, in details, what is “waste – to –
energy” technology, and explain why “waste – to – energy” is clean, renewable,
and what make it reliable.
(10 marks)
b)
Fluidized bed combustion is the technique/method of direct heat-energy recovery
from suitable wastes.
Page 2 of 3
________________________________________
i)
Name the suitable wastes for energy recovery through fluidized bed
combustion, and the four stages of combustion process.
(3 marks)
ii)
Describe in details, stage-by-stage, the combustion process of bio-wastes
in a fluidized bed combustor. Draw a well-labeled schematic illustration
of a “Fluidized-Bed Combustion Boiler”, showing the energy-recovery
systems.
(7 marks)
QUESTION 4
a)
Describe, in details, the following methods of waste disposal and name their
environmental impacts.
i)
Open – dumping
ii)
Traditional sanitary landfill
Show a well-labelled illustration of “Traditional Sanitary Landfill” (18 marks)
b)
Name the advantages of waste disposal through Landfills opposed to Open
Dumping.
(2 marks)
QUESTION FIVE
A sugar company approaches you, as a consultant, for advice on how to confidently
utilize the waste generated in their sugar factory as well as their sugarcane farm, to
generate energy to utilize for their own needs and export any surplus.
a)
Outline and describe the waste possibly generated in their sugar factory and farm,
indicating the nature of the waste and at what point each is generated.
(4 marks)
b)
Describe, in details, the techniques you would recommend the company to apply
to recover energy from these wastes, and where the energy can be utilized in their
company energy – demanding activities/operations.
Use suitable illustration showing the material flow in a sugar factory, at what
point wastes are generated, energy recovery points, and potential activities for
energy applications in the factory and other relevant on – site
activities/operations.
(16 marks)
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