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Environmental Chemistry Question Paper

Environmental Chemistry

Course:Bachelor Of Science In Environmental Health

Institution: Kenyatta University question papers

Exam Year:2009

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2008/2009
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE (ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH)

HEH 312:
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

DATE:
TUESDAY 25TH AUGUST 2009 TIME: 11.00 A.M. – 1.00 P.M.

INSTRUCTIONS:

Attempt question ONE and any other TWO.

SECTION A
1.
a)
Identify the metal or non-metal mined form the ores stated below
i)
Columbite
ii)
Galena

(2 marks)
b)
Briefly explain the effects of particulates on solar radiation and climate.

(4 marks)
c)
Explain the loss of buffering effect in water bodies that have had

deposition of acid rains.

(4 marks)
d)
Explain how pollution brings about photochemical smog. (2 marks)
e)
Water pollution is a subject that requires intervention from all walks of
life. State two possible sources of pollutants in each of the classes of
water pollutants stated below
i)
Thermal
pollutants
(2
marks)
ii)
Radioactive
materials
(2
marks)

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f) Explain
the
concepts
i)
Eutrophicaiton
(2
marks)
ii)
Saponification
(2
marks)
iii)
Fermentation
(2
marks)
iv)
Chemical oxygen demand (in water)
(2 marks)
v)
Chemical
speciation
(3
marks)
vi)
Toxicological
chemistry
(2
marks)
g)
Outline the health effects of inhaling benzene, an aromatic hydrocarbon at
levels above 20,000 ppm.

(2 marks)

SECTION B
• Answer any Two Questions from this section.

2.
a)
Explain four major environmental impacts associated with the oil refinery
process.

(8 marks)

b)
Discuss standard laboratory procedures for determination of biological and
chemical
oxygen
demand.
(6
marks)
c)
Discuss three major negative environmental effects of using a fertilizer of
your
choice.
(6
marks)

3.
a)
Discuss how aluminum is extracted from bauxite.
(6 marks)
b)
With respect to global warming, ecological imbalance and acid rains
discuss the environmental impacts of mining. Give local examples.
(14 marks)

4. a) Explain
the
four
major techniques as used in the control of hydrocarbons
emission
on
stationary
sources. (12
marks)
b)
With respect to disease causing agents, oils and oxygen demanding
wastes, discuss water pollution.

(8 marks)

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5.
i)
Define the term labile metals.

(2 marks)

ii)
Discuss briefly, the four major analytical challenges to chemical
speciation.

(8 marks)
iii)
Discuss the four major categories of toxic substances with respect to
human
health.
(10
marks)

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Environmental Chemistry Question Paper

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