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Environmental Chemistry Ii Question Paper

Environmental Chemistry Ii

Course:Bachelor Of Science In Environmental Health

Institution: Kenyatta University question papers

Exam Year:2009

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2009/2010
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
HEH 312: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY II

DATE: Wednesday 30th December, 2009 TIME: 11.00 a.m. – 1.00 p.m.

SECTION A – (20 marks)
Answer ALL questions.

1.
Define the following terminologies:

a)
Biological oxygen demand
b)
Eutrophication
[2
marks]
2.
Account for the formation of the product below;

[2 marks]
CH

3CH = CH2 + HCl
?
? ?? CH3CHClCH3
3.
Using energy diagrams, distinguish between catalysts and inhibitors as used in
catalysis
of
chemical
processes.
[4
marks]
4.
a)
Define
fermentation
[1
mark]

b)
State and explain three factors that influence fermentation process.

[3 marks]
5.
Polymerizaton of 1, 3-butadiene gives molecules containing both the following
units
CH CH - CHCH
~

and

~

CH CH ~
2
2
2

|

CH

= CH

2

The exact proportions depend on the temperature. Account in detail for the
formation of the two different units.

[3 marks]
6.
Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. [2 marks]
7.
State the catalysts used in Haber process of Ammonia and the Contact process for
sulfuric acid manufacture and give, in each case the equation for the catalyzed
reaction.

[3 marks]
Page 1 of 2
SECTION B
Answer question 1 and any 2 other questions.
1.
i)
Write short notes on:
a)
Copolymerization
b)
Ionic
polymerization
c)
Coordination
polymerization
d)
Free-radical
polymerization
e)
Water
quality
measurement
parameters
[10
marks}
ii)
Convert
189µgm-3 of NO2 AT 20oC at 750torr into ppm.
[2 marks]

iii)
State any four methods of metal
extraction.
[2
marks]
iv)
State the effects of each processes in the environment:
(i)
Products of metal extraction
(ii)
Acid rain

[4 marks]
v)
Using the Ellingham diagram explain why C is a better reducing agent for
metal
oxides
than
hydrogen.
[2
marks]
2.
a)
Define and draw the structure of a fat.

[3 marks]

b)
Describe in detail soap and detergent formation.

[8 marks]
c)
Describe
soap
action.
[4
marks]
3.
Describe the following methods of air pollutant analyses:

a)
West-Gaeke SO2 analytical method

b)
Saltzmann NO2 analysis method

c)
Non dispersive infra-red spectroscopy (NDIR) for CO analysis.

[15 marks]
4.
Discuss the health effects of each of the following pollutants on humans

a)
Respirable suspended particulates
b)
Sulphur
oxides
c)
Nitrogen
oxides [15
marks]
5.
a)
Give 5 examples of fungicide mercury compounds.
[5 marks]

b)
Discuss any 5 ways in which water can be polluted.
[10 marks]

………………..
Page 2 of 2

Environmental Chemistry Ii Question Paper

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