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Phys 221: Introduction To Material Science Question Paper
Phys 221: Introduction To Material Science
Course:Bachelor Of Science
Institution: Egerton University question papers
Exam Year:2016
ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER THREE QUESTIONS
QUESTION ONE (40 MARKS)
(a) State and explain the five atomic bonds that are encountered in matter (5 Marks)
(b) What is a crystal? Explain briefly (1 Mark)
(c) Define the following terms as regards a crystal structure (4 Marks)
(i) lattice
(ii) bais
(iii) the Weigner-seitz cell
(iv) miller indices
(d) What are Bravias lattices. List the crystal systems upon which they are
based in 3D (4 Marks)
(e) Considering a cubic lattice structure, sketch the planes with Miller indices (3 Marks)
i. [|||]
ii. [OTO]
iii. [O||]
(f) (i) Calculate the speed and the root-mean square speed for the particles with
the following velocities: (4 Marks)
{1,2,2,2,3,3,4,4,4,7,8,9,9,9 & 12}
(ii) Calculate the root-mean square speed for hydrogen at 293K. (3 Marks)
(g)(i) Define the term fluid (1 Mark)
(ii) Water leaves the jet of a horizontal hose at a speed of 20m/s. If the
velocity of water within the hose is 0.6m/s, calculate , using Benoulli's theorem
the pressure within the hose (Density of water 1000kg/m3 and atmospheric pressure
is 100,000N/m2) (3 Marks)
(h) Consider a simple cubic crystal with a cube edge a=3.5A and suppose that it
is used to scatter a 3.1A X-rays. Calculate Bragg's angle for the first and the
second order reflection. (4 Marks)
(i) Calculate the work done by spraying a drop of mercury 1mm in radius into 1
million identical droplets all of the same size. Take the surface tension of
mercury to be 550dynes/cm (5 Marks)
(j) i. Define a solid (1 Mark)
ii. Distinguish between three types of solids (3 Marks)
QUESTION TWO (10 MARKS)
(a) Calculate the mean kinetic energy of an oxygen molecule at 300K stating any
assumptions made (4 Marks)
(b) Calculate the square speed of oxygen molecule at 300K (3 Marks)
(c) Calculate the root-mean square speed of the same (3 Marks)
QUESTION THREE (10 MARKS)
(a) A high altitude research balloon contains helium gas. At its maximum altitude
of 18km the outside temperature is 218K and the pressure 40mmHg. The volume of
the balloon at this location is 850m3.
(i) Assuming helium gas has the same temperature and pressure as the surrounding,
find the number of moles of helium in the balloon (He=4g) (2 Marks)
(ii) Find the mass of helium (2 Marks)
(iii) Find the volume of the balloon when it was launched from the ground at STP (2 Marks)
(b) Calculate the Madelung constant for one dimensional ionic crystal (4 Marks)
QUESTION FOUR (10 MARKS)
(a)(i) What is meant by the term 'Liquid Crystal' (1 Mark)
(ii) State and explain the three basic types of liquid crystals (3 Marks)
(b) Define the term surface tension (1 Mark)
(c) Derive the Bernoulli's theorem for fluid flow. (5 Marks)
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