Community Development In Arid Semi Arid Lands (Asals) Question Paper

Community Development In Arid Semi Arid Lands (Asals)

Course:Bachelor Of Environmental Studies

Institution: Kenyatta University question papers

Exam Year:2009

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2008/2009
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR
OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT)

ECD 307:
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN ARID AND SEMI ARID
LANDS (ASALS)

DATE: FRIDAY 3RD APRIL, 2009

TIME: 2.00 p.m. – 4.00 p.m.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer question ONE and any other TWO.
1.
a)
Local communities are potential vehicles for change and environmental conservation as far as Arid and Semi – Arid lands (ASALS) development is concerned. Discuss this statement citing relevant examples. (10 marks)
b)
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of both the top – down and bottom – up approaches in community development in the ASALS. (10 marks)
c)
Briefly discuss the salient characteristics that make ASALS fragile ecosystems? (10 marks)
2.
“Extreme poverty within ASAL communities in Kenya is not only a result of environmental degradation but to some extent a cause.” Discuss this statement citing specific examples. (20 marks)
3.
Discuss the importance of the following in ASAL development initiatives:-
a)
Agro forestry (7 marks)
b)
Conservation Tillage (7 marks)
c)
Monitoring and Evaluation of community projects (6 marks)
4.
a)
Discuss why range management principles such as “carrying capacity” have not been favoured by the pastoralists. (10 marks)
b)
What are the dangers to the environment when such principles in (4 a) above are ignored. (10 marks)
5.
In your opinion what are the particular areas of intervention in the development of the ASAL areas of Kenya. (20 marks)

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